{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T13:30:32Z","timestamp":1785504632306,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761696000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a prevalent pregnancy complication associated with long-term cardiometabolic risk, including metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study aimed to assess differences in body composition and metabolic health 6\u202fyears postpartum based on prior GDM diagnosis and to identify body composition cut-off values predictive of MetS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross-sectional analysis included 604 women from the prospective St. Carlos Cohort in Spain, who had no subsequent pregnancies and complete body composition data 6\u202fyears postpartum. Body composition was assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and MetS was diagnosed per harmonized criteria. Statistical analyses included ROC curves to establish diagnostic accuracy and optimal cut-off points.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Women with prior GDM had a twofold increased risk of developing MetS (26.6 vs. 14.6%). However, waist circumference or elevated BMI and waist-to-height ratio were not significantly different between groups. ROC analysis identified that body composition parameters, particularly fat mass (FM), visceral fat, and FM\/Fat Free Mass ratio, as having high predictive value for MetS, regardless of GDM history (AUC\u202f\u2265\u202f0.8). Women with MetS showed significantly higher FM and lower relative muscle mass and function. Diagnostic models showed high negative predictive values (\u226590%) for most body composition parameters making them effective for excluding MetS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>GDM is a significant predictor of MetS. However, body composition, especially increased adiposity and reduced relative muscle mass, provides valuable clinical insights beyond traditional anthropometric measures in postpartum women. The proposed cut-off values for body composition parameters may serve as effective, non-invasive tools for early MetS detection in postpartum care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2025.1689658","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T05:30:52Z","timestamp":1761715852000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Body composition as a complementary tool for detection of metabolic syndrome 6\u202fyears postpartum: a St. Carlos Cohort follow-up"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Bricia","family":"L\u00f3pez-Plaza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ang\u00e9lica","family":"Larrad-Sainz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johanna","family":"Valerio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roc\u00edo Mart\u00edn","family":"O\u2019Connor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"del Valle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana M.","family":"Ramos-Levi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Barabash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clara","family":"Marcuello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"In\u00e9s","family":"Jim\u00e9nez-Varas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel A.","family":"Rubio-Herrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pilar","family":"Mat\u00eda-Mart\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfonso L.","family":"Calle-Pascual","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S27","DOI":"10.2337\/DC25-S002","article-title":"Diagnosis and classification of diabetes: standards of care in diabetes\u20142025","volume":"48","author":"ElSayed","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2013.10.012","article-title":"Diagnostic criteria and classification of hyperglycaemia first detected in pregnancy: a world health organization guideline","volume":"103","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109050","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109050","article-title":"IDF diabetes atlas: estimation of global and regional gestational diabetes mellitus prevalence for 2021 by International Association of Diabetes in pregnancy study group\u2019s criteria","volume":"183","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.3390\/NU11061210","article-title":"Effectiveness of following Mediterranean diet recommendations in the real world in the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and adverse maternal-foetal outcomes: a prospective, universal, interventional study with a single group. 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