{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T11:54:18Z","timestamp":1761738858015,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761696000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n Salmonella enterica<\/jats:italic>\n is a leading cause of foodborne illness worldwide and poultry products, particularly chicken meat and there is growing interest in using plant extracts to protect chicken meat from Salmonella contamination during refrigeration.\n Solenostemma argel<\/jats:italic>\n is a medicinal plant traditionally used to treat gastrointestinal disorders and quantitative data on its activity against\n Salmonella enterica<\/jats:italic>\n are limited.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Methanolic leaf extract was profiled by GC\u2013MS to document major phytochemical classes. Antibacterial activity against clinical\/retail\n S. enterica<\/jats:italic>\n isolates was evaluated by disc diffusion and broth microdilution to determine inhibition zones, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). A panel of GC\u2013MS\u2013identified constituents was subjected to\n in silico<\/jats:italic>\n computational study based on oral-toxicity prediction and molecular docking against modelled outer-membrane proteins implicated in LPS assembly and membrane integrity (OmpV, LptE) to prioritize plausible membrane-active leads.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n The methanolic extract displayed modest inhibition in disc-diffusion assays (mean inhibition zones were 7.8\u20139.7 mm). All\n S. enterica<\/jats:italic>\n isolates shared a uniform MIC of 12.5 mg\/ml; MBCs were strain-dependent (25 mg\/ml for one isolate, 100 mg\/ml for two isolates), yielding MBC\/MIC ratios of 2\u20138 and indicating primarily bacteriostatic activity for some strains. GC\u2013MS profiling revealed several volatile and semi-volatile metabolites of potential biological interest. However, it is important to note that some peaks, such as 1,3-dioxane and 2-[2-[2-(2-acetyloxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethanol, may represent laboratory-derived contaminants rather than genuine plant metabolites, emphasizing the need for rigorous contamination controls and complementary analytical approaches in future work.\n In silico<\/jats:italic>\n docking prioritized a steroidal candidate [Estra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17\u03b2-ol] with the highest predicted affinities to OmpV (\u22127.9 kcal\u00b7mol\n \u22121<\/jats:sup>\n ) and LptE (\u22126.7 kcal\u00b7mol\n \u22121<\/jats:sup>\n ). Toxicity predictions suggested low oral toxicity for the majority of screened constituents.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n The methanolic leaf extract of\n Solenostemma argel<\/jats:italic>\n exhibited moderate to weak\n in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n anti-\n Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n activity, supported by computational docking results, and provide a foundation for further isolation, purification, and characterization of its active constituents.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2025.1694017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T05:29:39Z","timestamp":1761715779000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Antibacterial properties of Solenostemma argel (Del.) Hayne against Salmonella strains from chicken meat: integrated GC\u2013MS phytochemical profiling and molecular docking analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Abdulrahman Mohammed","family":"Alhudhaibi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud","family":"Dahab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hajo","family":"Idriss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Megren Faisal","family":"Almoteri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emad M.","family":"Abdallah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bj.2018.03.003","article-title":"Food safety in the 21st century","volume":"41","author":"Fung","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biom J"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"307","article-title":"Food poisoning and intoxication: a global leading concern for human health","volume-title":"Food safety and preservation","author":"Mohammad","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4674235","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/4674235","article-title":"Review on major food-borne zoonotic bacterial pathogens","volume":"2020","author":"Abebe","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Trop Med"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1590\/1519-6984.232466","article-title":"Prospect of 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