{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T05:22:25Z","timestamp":1764220945918,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764201600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Hyperlipidemia poses a serious threat to human health. However, given the significant adverse effect of drug therapy, finding safe and efficient lipid-lowering agents has become a focal point of interest.\n                      <jats:italic>Polygonatum sibiricum<\/jats:italic>\n                      Huangjiu (PSHJ) is hypothesized to exert lipid-lowering effects. This study examined PSHJ\u2019s ability to alleviate hyperlipidemia in mice caused by a high-fat diet, and the regulatory mechanism was studied via gut microbiome and fecal lipidomics.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A mouse model of hyperlipidemia was established using a high-fat diet. The experimental groups were administered PSHJ, and serum lipid profiles\u2014including triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)\u2014were measured. Histopathological examinations of the liver, kidney, and small intestine were performed to assess tissue damage. The gut microbiota composition was analyzed to evaluate diversity and the abundance of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing bacteria. Fecal lipidomics was employed to investigate alterations in lipid metabolic pathways.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PSHJ treatment significantly increased HDL-C levels while reducing serum TG, TC, and LDL-C levels in hyperlipidemic mice. Histological analysis revealed that PSHJ alleviated damage in the liver, kidney, and small intestine. Furthermore, PSHJ enhanced gut microbial diversity and promoted the proliferation of SCFA-producing bacteria, leading to elevated SCFA levels. Lipidomic analysis indicated that PSHJ modulated metabolic pathways related to glycerophospholipids, glycerolipids, and fatty acids, thereby facilitating the breakdown of TG and diacylglycerol (DG).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings suggest that polysaccharides in PSHJ function as prebiotics, enriching beneficial gut microbiota and increasing SCFA production. These SCFAs, along with polysaccharides, appear to regulate key lipid metabolic pathways, enhancing the degradation of TG and DG. This study shows that PSHJ has active components that can alleviate hyperlipidemia, thereby laying a theoretical foundation for extracting bioactive substances from Huangjiu for future medical or dietary use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2025.1705061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T05:13:48Z","timestamp":1764220428000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multi-omics techniques revealing the mechanism of Polygonatum sibiricum Huangjiu in alleviating hyperlipidemia in mice"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Jingzhang","family":"Geng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guotai","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianwei","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Honglei","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zaixiang","family":"Lou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.2174\/1871530321666210208221158","article-title":"Bioactive compounds of Polygonatum sibiricum-therapeutic effect and biological activity","volume":"22","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endoc Metab Immune Disord"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-021-00507-z","article-title":"Emerging therapeutic approaches for the treatment of NAFLD and type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"17","author":"Ferguson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4965","DOI":"10.1080\/87559129.2022.2043894","article-title":"Red yeast rice: a functional food used to reduce hyperlipidemia","volume":"39","author":"Fan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Rev Int"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109955","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2020.109955","article-title":"Profiling the key metabolites produced during the modern brewing process of Chinese traditional rice wine","volume":"139","author":"Jin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Res Int"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2023.121423","article-title":"Structural elucidation of a highly branched \u03b1-D-glucan from Huangjiu and its hepatoprotective activity via gut microbiome regulation and intestinal barrier repairment","volume":"324","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agaa097","article-title":"Effects of huangjiu, baijiu and red wine combined with high-fat diet on glucose and lipid metabolism: aggravate or alleviate?","volume":"56","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689092","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.689092","article-title":"Structural characterization of peptides from huangjiu and their regulation of hepatic steatosis and gut microbiota dysbiosis in hyperlipidemia mice","volume":"12","author":"Shi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"700778","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2021.700778","article-title":"Can millet consumption help manage hyperlipidemia and obesity?: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Anitha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.320","article-title":"Review on the genus Polygonatum polysaccharides: extraction, purification, structural characteristics and bioactivities","volume":"229","author":"Gong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fshw.2022.03.031","article-title":"Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharides protect against obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in rats fed a high-fat diet","volume":"11","author":"Zeng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Sci Hum Well"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3587","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19113587","article-title":"Polygonatum odoratum polysaccharides modulate gut microbiota and mitigate experimentally induced obesity in rats","volume":"19","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2021.12140","article-title":"Polygonatum sibiricum F. 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