{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T12:55:44Z","timestamp":1787230544357,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764892800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Energy drinks (ED), which contain high doses of caffeine, are becoming increasingly popular, particularly among young people who may be unaware of the potential risks involved. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of energy drink consumption among 12th-grade students, as well as the relationship between it and substance use, smoking, alcohol, depression, and anxiety.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study utilized a cross-sectional research approach. Data was collected using a self-reported questionnaire that included sociodemographic data, substance use-related questions, smoking and drinking factors, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 1,083 12th-grade students were recruited, revealing a high prevalence of energy drink consumption among them (52.5%). Also, the findings showed that participants whose father\u2019s education was more than 12 years (AOR: 1.652,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.001), participants who smoked cigarettes (AOR: 2.240,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.004), participants who drank alcohol (AOR: 2.374,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.005), and students who used waterpipe tobacco smoking (AOR: 5.401,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.001) were more likely to drink energy drinks. No association was found between energy drinks and substance use.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study found that energy drink consumption is high among 12th-grade students, particularly those who smoke cigarettes, use waterpipe tobacco, or drink alcohol. Our findings highlight the pressing need to raise youth awareness and educate them about the negative health consequences of energy drink consumption.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2025.1709218","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T11:30:31Z","timestamp":1764934231000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Association between energy drink consumption, and substance use among adolescents: a cross sectional study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Maisa","family":"Nabulsi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muna","family":"Ahmead","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2016.06.007","article-title":"Trends and patterns of caffeine consumption among US teenagers and young adults, NHANES 2003-2012.","volume":"94","author":"Tran","year":"2016","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3110","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17093110","article-title":"Energy drink consumption and substance use among middle and high school students.","volume":"17","author":"Sampasa-Kanyinga","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2158","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-025-23432-6","article-title":"Mental health and energy drink consumption among Norwegian adolescents; a cross-sectional study.","volume":"25","author":"Kaldenbach","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Public Health."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394E","DOI":"10.2903\/sp.efsa.2013.EN-394","article-title":"Gathering consumption data on specific consumer groups of energy drinks.","volume":"10","author":"Zucconi","year":"2013","journal-title":"EFSA Support Publ."},{"key":"B5","first-page":"44","article-title":"Are energy drinks physiological?","volume":"7","author":"Alsunni","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pak J Physiol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s007260170021","article-title":"The effects of red bull energy drink on human performance and mood.","volume":"21","author":"Alford","year":"2001","journal-title":"Amino Acids."},{"key":"B7","first-page":"313","article-title":"Adolescents\u2019 reasons for consuming energy drinks: validation and factor structure of a new scale.","volume":"16","author":"Karekla","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hellenic J Psychol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuu061","article-title":"Energy drinks and adolescents: what\u2019s the harm?","volume":"73","author":"Harris","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nutr Rev."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2019.04.016","article-title":"Energy drink consumption among German adolescents: prevalence, correlates, and predictors of initiation.","volume":"139","author":"Galimov","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appetite."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2506","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13082506","article-title":"Effects of energy drink consumption on physical performance and potential danger of inordinate usage.","volume":"13","author":"Erdmann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4985","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14234985","article-title":"Alcohol mixed with energy drinks (AmED) use among university students: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"14","author":"De Giorgi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1007\/s13312-014-0441-9","article-title":"Energy drinks: potions of illusion.","volume":"51","author":"Bedi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian Pediatrics."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.15537\/smj.2015.5.11141","article-title":"Effect of energy drink intake before exercise on indices of physical performance in untrained females.","volume":"36","author":"Al-Fares","year":"2015","journal-title":"Saudi Med J."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/1550-2783-11-2","article-title":"Cardiovascular and ride time-to-exhaustion effects of an energy drink.","volume":"11","author":"Nelson","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Int Soc Sports Nutr."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1177\/1367493517731948","article-title":"Behavioural correlates of energy drink consumption among adolescents: a review of the literature.","volume":"21","author":"Dawodu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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