{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T05:59:05Z","timestamp":1790402345384,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767571200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) has been linked to adverse outcomes in various clinical settings, but its relationship with post-stroke acute kidney injury (AKI) remains unexplored.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective cohort study utilized the TriNetX research network database to identify adult patients with first-documented ischemic stroke between January 2010 and December 2024. Patients were stratified based on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels measured within 6\u2009weeks pre-stroke: VDD group (&amp;lt;20\u2009ng\/mL) and control group (\u226530\u2009ng\/mL). After 1:1 propensity score matching, we compared 30-day and 1\u201312\u2009month outcomes between groups, with the primary outcome being AKI incidence within 30\u2009days post-stroke.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      After matching (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20094,343 per group), patients with pre-stroke VDD demonstrated significantly higher 30-day AKI incidence compared with those with sufficient vitamin D levels (5.3% vs. 3.5%; odds ratio [OR]\u2009=\u20091.55, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.26\u20131.92;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001). VDD was also associated with increased risks of all-cause mortality (OR\u2009=\u20091.63, 95% CI 1.26\u20132.12), intensive care unit (ICU) admission (OR\u2009=\u20091.55, 95% CI 1.30\u20131.84), pneumonia (OR\u2009=\u20091.48, 95% CI 1.09\u20132.02), and dialysis requirement (OR\u2009=\u20092.33, 95% CI 1.36\u20134.00). Vitamin D insufficiency (20\u201329\u2009ng\/mL) was associated with a milder but significant AKI risk increase (OR\u2009=\u20091.39, 95% CI 1.12\u20131.72;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.003). The adverse effect of VDD persisted during 1\u201312\u2009month follow-up, with higher risks of AKI (hazard ratio [HR]\u2009=\u20091.32, 95% CI 1.13\u20131.55) and progression to end-stage renal disease (HR\u2009=\u20091.69, 95% CI 1.16\u20132.46).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pre-stroke VDD is associated with increased risk of post-stroke AKI and other adverse outcomes. The observed dose-dependent relationship suggests potential benefits from optimizing vitamin D status. These findings highlight the importance of assessing vitamin D levels in stroke risk stratification and suggest potential preventive strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2025.1709491","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T05:29:46Z","timestamp":1767590986000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Vitamin D deficiency and risk of acute kidney injury after ischemic stroke: a propensity-matched cohort study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Kuo-Chuan","family":"Hung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li-Chen","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Chen","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Yew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping-Hsin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I-Wen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(19)30030-4","article-title":"The global burden of stroke: persistent and disabling","volume":"18","author":"Gorelick","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(21)00252-0","article-title":"GBD 2019 Stroke Collaborators. 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