{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T23:59:54Z","timestamp":1792799994255,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768435200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a clinically prevalent endocrine and metabolic disorder characterized by gut microbial disturbances and chronic low-grade inflammatory responses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study explores the therapeutic potential and mechanistic insights of\n                      <jats:italic>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum<\/jats:italic>\n                      NKK20 (LP) in a PCOS murine model established through high-fat diet (HFD) and letrozole co-induction. By integrating multi-omics profiling (16S rRNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics) with histopathological evaluation, we systematically assessed LP-mediated modulations of gut microbiota composition, metabolic signatures, ovarian function, and intestinal barrier integrity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The results demonstrated that LP administration effectively counteracted metabolic dysregulation in PCOS mice, mitigating body weight gain, ameliorating lipid abnormalities (reduced total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL-C alongside elevated HDL-C), and lowering fasting glucose levels. Hormonally, LP suppressed hyperandrogenism, as evidenced by decreased testosterone, while rebalancing inflammatory mediators through IL-10 upregulation and concomitant reduction of TNF-\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                      , IL-6, IL-1\u03b2, and MCP-1. Ovarian histomorphology revealed attenuated follicular cysts and enhanced luteinization. Critically, LP restored intestinal homeostasis by (i) augmenting short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production\u2014particularly butyrate\u2014(ii) fortifying the gut barrier via increased ZO-1 and occludin expression, and (iii) diminishing circulating endotoxin. Microbial sequencing identified enrichment of Bacteroidetes and Muribaculum following LP treatment. Serum metabolomics further uncovered LP-induced normalization of steroid hormone biosynthesis and glycerophospholipid metabolism, coinciding with elevated anti-inflammatory mediators such as 6a-prostaglandin I1.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Collectively, these findings delineate a novel preventive axis through which LP inhibits PCOS progression\u202f\u2014\u202fnamely, via coordinated \u201cgut microbiota\u2013metabolite\u2013ovarian\u201d crosstalk involving SCFA-mediated barrier restoration, microbial ecology stabilization, and suppression of ovarian inflammatory onset. This work advances the translational rationale for probiotic-based strategies in PCOS prevention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2025.1709581","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T14:53:23Z","timestamp":1768488803000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Multi-omics elucidation of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum NKK20 in preventing PCOS via the gut-ovary axis: SCFAs-mediated microbiota-metabolite-immune crosstalk"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Hao","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University","place":["Zhenjiang, China"]},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yancheng First Hospital Affiliated of Nanjing University Medical School, The Yancheng Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng","place":["Yancheng, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University","place":["Zhenjiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Critical Care Medicine, Jurong Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University","place":["Zhenjiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueyun","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University","place":["Zhenjiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuehui","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yancheng First Hospital Affiliated of Nanjing University Medical 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Egypt"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Experiment and Service Center, Jiangsu University","place":["Zhenjiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University","place":["Zhenjiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University","place":["Zhenjiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keke","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yancheng First Hospital Affiliated of Nanjing University Medical School, The Yancheng Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng","place":["Yancheng, China"]},{"name":"Molecular Medical Research Center, Yancheng Clinical Medical College of Jiangsu University","place":["Yancheng, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9240569","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/9240569","article-title":"Association of insulin resistance and elevated androgen levels with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS): a review of literature","volume":"2022","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Healthc Eng"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22073789","article-title":"Chronic low grade inflammation in pathogenesis of PCOS","volume":"22","author":"Rudnicka","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol 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