{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T14:26:17Z","timestamp":1776954377218,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764892800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Cannabidiol (CBD) is a compound in the cannabis plant with psycho-physiological effects that may support athletes\u2019 training and recovery. Although not banned by the World Anti-Doping Agency, CBD products may carry a risk of inadvertent anti-doping violations due to contamination with prohibited cannabinoids. The\n                      <jats:italic>primary objective<\/jats:italic>\n                      of this study was to characterize the use, rationale, and perceived benefits of CBD use by elite-level athletes in Canada. The\n                      <jats:italic>secondary objectives<\/jats:italic>\n                      were to (1) identify the sources of information that influence CBD use, (2) describe how athletes are using CBD, and (3) explore the barriers or deterrents to its use.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross-sectional descriptive survey study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Elite-level Canadian athletes completed an anonymous online survey on CBD use between October 2021\u2013June 2023.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      80 athletes completed the survey. 38% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u202f30) had used CBD, with 30% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u202f9) of CBD users reporting active\/current use. CBD users cumulatively agreed or strongly agreed that CBD is safe (96%); improved sleep (93%) and relaxation (90%); and reduced pain from training (77%). Friends (26%) and the internet (24%) were the most frequently reported first sources of information on CBD. Oral tincture\/oil was the most commonly used (31%) form of CBD. The most reported reason for never using or discontinuing CBD was concern about an anti-doping rule violation (28%).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Given the self-reported benefits of CBD among elite-level Canadian athletes, alongside concerns about inadvertent anti-doping violations, clinicians working with this population should provide evidence-based guidance on CBD use and support informed decision-making to minimize risk and optimize athlete safety.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2025.1711773","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T11:22:34Z","timestamp":1764933754000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Cannabidiol use among elite-level Canadian athletes: the pursuit of improved sleep, pain relief, and enhanced recovery"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Dimitri","family":"Karam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erik","family":"Sesbreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kelly","family":"Drager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Boegman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lindsay R.","family":"Duncan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dennis","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tyler 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