{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T19:17:42Z","timestamp":1770319062071,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770249600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Apolipoproteins play important roles in the metabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Ketone monoester\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      -hydroxybutyrate (KE\u03b2HB) has been shown to reduce the circulating levels of remnant cholesterol and triglycerides. However, the mechanisms behind this action remain unknown.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the effect of KE\u03b2HB supplementation on apolipoproteins and to study whether circulating levels of triglycerides play a role in this effect.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The study was a randomized placebo-controlled trial, registered at\n                      <jats:uri>https:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov\/<\/jats:uri>\n                      (NCT03889210). It included 18 adults (12 men and 6 women) with prediabetes (defined as per the American Diabetes Association criteria). Following an overnight fast, participants ingested a KE\u03b2HB or a placebo beverage in a cross-over manner. Serial blood samples were collected from baseline to 150\u202fmin at intervals of 30\u202fmin. The endpoints were changes in apolipoprotein (apo) A-I, apo B, apo B-48, apo C-II, apo C-III, and apo E. Area under the curve (AUC) analyses were calculated to estimate changes in the studied apolipoproteins over time. Participants were further stratified into \u2018hypertriglyceridemia\u2019 and normal triglyceride levels subgroups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Ingestion of the KE\u03b2HB beverage led to a significantly higher AUC for apo C-II (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.023) in the overall cohort. No statistically significant differences in AUCs were found for the other studied apolipoproteins. The subgroup analysis showed significantly lower levels of apo B (and higher levels of apo C-II) after the KE\u03b2HB beverage in individuals with hypertriglyceridemia only. No significant associations were found for the other studied apolipoproteins in either subgroup.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Exogenously induced acute ketosis resulted in a significantly elevated apo C-II compared with the placebo. Further, the levels of apo B were significantly lowered following ingestion of the KE\u03b2HB beverage only among individuals with hypertriglyceridemia. Acute nutritional ketosis may be considered as a potential approach to reduce atherogenic triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in individuals at high cardiovascular disease risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2025.1726174","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T05:22:20Z","timestamp":1770268940000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Changes in apolipoproteins following ingestion of a beverage delivering \u03b2-hydroxybutyrate: results from a randomized placebo-controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Yutong","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Auckland","place":["Auckland, New Zealand"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wandia","family":"Kimita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Auckland","place":["Auckland, New Zealand"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sakina H.","family":"Bharmal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Auckland","place":["Auckland, New Zealand"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maxim S.","family":"Petrov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Auckland","place":["Auckland, New Zealand"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","year":""},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1097\/01.NPR.0000550246.96902.de","article-title":"Managing dyslipidemia for CVD prevention: a review of recent clinical practice guidelines","volume":"44","author":"Ciffone","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nurse 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