{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T13:03:51Z","timestamp":1780319031035,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764720000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a chronic metabolic disorder linked to obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the preventive effects of Hongjam, a processed silkworm powder, in a high-fat diet\u2013induced MASLD mouse model and to explore its underlying mechanisms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>C57BL\/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet with or without Hongjam supplementation. Serum lipid and glucose levels, hepatic lipid accumulation, liver injury markers, and inflammatory responses were evaluated. Mechanistic analyses focused on SIRT1\/AMPK signaling, lipogenic and fatty acid oxidation gene expression, STAT3 phosphorylation, cytokine production, and GPR35\/PKA-mediated gluconeogenesis. To identify bioactive components, a silk-derived fibroin peptide was synthesized and tested in palmitate-treated HepG2 cells.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hongjam supplementation improved serum triglyceride, cholesterol, and glucose levels, reduced hepatic lipid accumulation, and lowered liver injury markers. These beneficial effects were associated with activation of the SIRT1\/AMPK pathway, suppression of lipogenesis, and enhancement of fatty acid oxidation. Hongjam also attenuated hepatic inflammation by inhibiting STAT3 phosphorylation and reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines, while restoring gluconeogenic capacity through GPR35\/PKA signaling. The fibroin peptide suppressed SREBP1 expression, reduced lipid accumulation, and reactivated SIRT1\/AMPK and GPR35\/PKA\/CREB pathways in HepG2 cells.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings suggest that Hongjam and its fibroin-derived peptide exert protective metabolic effects by modulating lipid metabolism, inflammation, and glucose homeostasis. Together, they highlight the potential of Hongjam as a functional food ingredient for the prevention of MASLD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2025.1727043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T06:32:34Z","timestamp":1764743554000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Processed silkworm powder (Hongjam) ameliorates metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease via GPR35\/PKA and SIRT1\/AMPK pathways"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Da-Young","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hye-Rin","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young-Min","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moon-Young","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seung-Won","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"You-Kyung","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seokho","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eun-Ji","family":"Go","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eun-Hee","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2024.02.007","article-title":"Current 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