{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T10:26:52Z","timestamp":1792146412317,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765756800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Osteoporosis, a prevalent metabolic bone disease, poses a significant challenge for bone repair in aged populations. Soy-derived osteogenic peptide (SOP) holds promise but its clinical translation is hampered by rapid enzymatic degradation and poor oral bioavailability, representing a major challenge that necessitates the development of a protective delivery system. To address this, we developed a novel composite hydrogel based on fish gelatin and sodium alginate (SA\/FG) as an oral delivery vehicle to overcome these limitations. Systematic characterization revealed that the SA\/FG formulation offers distinct advantages: the incorporation of an optimal amount of SA significantly enhanced the mechanical strength and stability of the hydrogel, addressing the common weakness of single-network gelatin hydrogels, while maintaining a high water content (~90%) and a superior rehydration capacity (83.65% in distilled water). In a glucocorticoid-induced zebrafish osteoporosis model, the SOP-loaded SA\/FG hydrogel significantly increased skull bone mass by 120.17% and improved larval swimming behavior, markedly outperforming the free SOP group. This study presents the first report of an SA\/FG composite hydrogel for effective oral delivery of an osteogenic peptide. The system demonstrates great potential as a functional food or supplement for preventing and treating osteoporosis, offering an innovative strategy to enhance peptide stability and bioavailability through a biocompatible, double-network carrier.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2025.1733968","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T15:58:55Z","timestamp":1765814335000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A double-network fish gelatin\/sodium alginate composite hydrogel as a carrier for the sustained release of a soy-derived osteogenic peptide"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Jinpeng","family":"Gong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boya","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yupeng","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Gan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junbo","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-023-04594-6","article-title":"Multifunctional 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