{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T11:00:02Z","timestamp":1771930802439,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770249600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The relationship between plasma remnant cholesterol (RC) level and cognitive function in middle-aged and older Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) was unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One thousand eight hundred seventeen participants aged 55 to 75 were recruited from communities in Beijing. Demographic information and daily dietary intakes were collected by self-designed questionnaire. Fasting venous blood was obtained for quantitative analysis of plasma lipid parameters. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was used to assess cognitive function. To explore the association between plasma RC and the risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), we performed logistic regression analysis and restricted cubic spline (RCS). Additionally, subgroup analyses were conducted to assess the influence of potential co-founders on the association.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Plasma RC level was negatively correlated with daily intakes of vegetable, legume and fish intakes in patients with T2DM, and with daily intakes of cereals, vegetables, and legumes in non-T2DM subjects. Participants with plasma RC levels in the second (Q\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ), third (Q\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      ), and fourth (Q\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) quartiles had a higher risk for MCI compared to those in the first quartile (Q\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) level of plasma RC, both in T2DM and non-T2DM participants. RCS results indicated a nonlinear relationship between plasma RC levels and the risk of MCI. Subgroup analysis showed that the association between plasma RC levels and the risk of MCI was pronounced in females and subjects aged 60 and above.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An increase in plasma RC level is a potential risk factor for MCI. A plasma RC concentration below 0.578\u202fmmol\/L can decrease the risk of MCI in middle-aged and older individuals with T2DM. Similarly, a plasma RC concentration below 0.581\u202fmmol\/L may lower the risk of MCI in non-T2DM subjects. Consuming vegetables and legumes daily could help reduce the concentration of RC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2026.1705243","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T06:35:22Z","timestamp":1770273322000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association of plasma remnant cholesterol with cognitive function in the middle-aged and elderly Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Xiuwen","family":"Ren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Capital Medical University","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment and Aging, Capital Medical University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chengjun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhi","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Suzhou Research Center of Medical School, Suzhou Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University","place":["Suzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sen","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhihong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Heinz Mehlhorn Academician Workstation, Hainan Medical University","place":["Haikou, Hainan, China"]},{"name":"International Collaborative Research Center for the Development and Utilization of Tropical Food for Special Medical Purpose","place":["Haikou, Hainan, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xueying","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Development and Translation of Key Technologies for Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Suzhou Vocational Health College","place":["Suzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Sha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Development and Translation of Key Technologies for Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Suzhou Vocational Health College","place":["Suzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lianyun","family":"Ju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Development and Translation of Key Technologies for Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Suzhou Vocational Health College","place":["Suzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Mu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Suzhou Research Center of Medical School, Suzhou Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University","place":["Suzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yiyao","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Suzhou Research Center of Medical School, Suzhou Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University","place":["Suzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yunyun","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds","place":["Leeds, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linhong","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Capital Medical University","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment and Aging, Capital Medical University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinjing","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Capital Medical University","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment and Aging, Capital Medical University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Suzhou Research Center of Medical School, Suzhou Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University","place":["Suzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"afac173","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afac173","article-title":"Worldwide prevalence of mild cognitive impairment among community dwellers aged 50 years and older: a meta-analysis and systematic review of epidemiology studies","volume":"51","author":"Bai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1097\/MOL.0000000000000921","article-title":"Remnant cholesterol as a new lipid-lowering target to reduce cardiovascular 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