{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T21:31:28Z","timestamp":1769117488129,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769040000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Excess adiposity drives adipose tissue dysfunction and metabolic disease, including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disorders. Building on our prior GEO-based analyses that nominated Storkhead box 1 (STOX1) as a candidate biomarker of obesity-related adipose inflammation, we compared circulating STOX1 between individuals with normal weight and those with overweight\/obesity and examined its metabolic correlates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In 476 volunteers, we quantified serum STOX1, adipokines, and clinical parameters; we further contrasted STOX1 and adiponectin between groups and performed an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) to assess glycemic effects on STOX1.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Serum STOX1 was significantly lower in overweight\/obese (OW\/OB) participants than controls (controls: 1.27 \u00b1 1.40 \u00b5g\/L; OW\/OB: 0.69 \u00b1 0.77 \u00b5g\/L;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.001), accompanied by reduced adiponectin in OW\/OB. Partial correlations showed inverse associations of STOX1 with metabolic and inflammatory indices and a positive association with adiponectin. In multivariable linear regression, systolic blood pressure (SBP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-\u03b1), and body fat percentage independently predicted STOX1 (Y_STOX1 = 2.569 \u2013 0.110\u202f\u00d7\u202fSBP \u2013 0.272\u202f\u00d7\u202fTNF-\u03b1 \u2013 0.106\u202f\u00d7\u202fbody fat %;\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.37,\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.13).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>During OGTT, hyperglycemia suppressed circulating STOX1, suggesting glucose-dependent regulation of its secretion\/release. Collectively, these findings indicate that decreased serum STOX1 tracks adverse metabolic and inflammatory profiles in obesity and support its potential utility as a noninvasive biomarker of adipose tissue inflammation in overweight\/obese individuals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2026.1734606","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T05:15:03Z","timestamp":1769058903000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Reduced circulating STOX1 is associated with inflammatory cytokines and insulin resistance in obese individuals: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Yanping","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Laboratory of the People\u2019s Hospital of Dazu, The Affiliated Dazu\u2019s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mingliang","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Laboratory of the People\u2019s Hospital of Dazu, The Affiliated Dazu\u2019s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xianmei","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Laboratory of the People\u2019s Hospital of Dazu, The Affiliated Dazu\u2019s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mingsha","family":"Shuai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Laboratory of the People\u2019s Hospital of Dazu, The Affiliated Dazu\u2019s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Jian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Dazu\u2019s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shan","family":"Geng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Laboratory of the People\u2019s Hospital of Dazu, The Affiliated Dazu\u2019s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3390","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.15238","article-title":"Prevalence of obesity and associated complications in China: a cross-sectional, real-world study in 15.8 million adults","volume":"25","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2278","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)01548-4","article-title":"National-level and state-level prevalence of overweight and obesity among children, adolescents, and adults in the USA, 1990\u20132021, and forecasts up to 2050","volume":"404","author":"Ng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2021.12.012","article-title":"Why does obesity cause diabetes?","volume":"34","author":"Klein","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-48382-5_7","article-title":"Adipose tissue function and expandability as determinants of lipotoxicity and the metabolic syndrome","volume":"960","author":"Carobbio","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathol-042220-023633","article-title":"Adipose tissue remodeling in pathophysiology","volume":"18","author":"Auger","year":"2023","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pathol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2022.09.003","article-title":"Adipokines from white adipose tissue in regulation of whole body energy homeostasis","volume":"204","author":"Sahu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb47050357","article-title":"The mechanisms of chronic inflammation in obesity and potential therapeutic strategies: a narrative review","volume":"47","author":"Gkrinia","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr Issues Mol Biol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-024-05615-8","article-title":"Identification of metabolism related biomarkers in obesity based on adipose bioinformatics and machine learning","volume":"22","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e141588","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.141588","article-title":"STOX1 deficiency is associated with renin-mediated gestational hypertension and placental defects","volume":"6","author":"Parchem","year":"2021","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.15619","article-title":"Functional evaluation of STOX1 (STORKHEAD-BOX PROTEIN 1) in placentation, preeclampsia, and preterm birth","volume":"77","author":"Dunk","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521826","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/521826","article-title":"STOX1: key player in trophoblast dysfunction underlying early onset preeclampsia with growth retardation","volume":"2011","author":"van Dijk","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Pregnancy"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101086","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101086","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of trophoblast dysfunction mediated by imbalance between STOX1 isoforms","volume":"23","author":"Ducat","year":"2020","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e29769","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0029769","article-title":"Transcription factor STOX1A promotes mitotic entry by binding to the CCNB1 promotor","volume":"7","author":"Abel","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4801","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.26279","article-title":"LncRNA-TCONS_00034812 in cell proliferation and apoptosis of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells and its mechanism","volume":"233","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A84","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2013.00170","article-title":"Maternal NODAL inversely affects NODAL and STOX1 expression in the fetal placenta","volume":"34","author":"Thulluru","year":"2013","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2007.01414.x","article-title":"STOX1 gene in pre-eclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction","volume":"114","author":"Berends","year":"2007","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1111\/cpr.12174","article-title":"Transcription factor STOX1 regulates proliferation of inner ear epithelial cells via the AKT pathway","volume":"48","author":"Nie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Prolif"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1270435","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1270435","article-title":"Serum levels of vanin-2 increase with obesity in relation to inflammation of adipose tissue and may be a predictor of bariatric surgery outcomes","volume":"10","author":"Geng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"315","article-title":"Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes in China","volume":"13","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chin J Diabetes Mellitus"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e94433","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0094433","article-title":"Association between obesity and selected morbidities: a study of BRICS countries SSRN","volume":"9","author":"Shukla","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e35","DOI":"10.1161\/HYP.0000000000000087","article-title":"Measurement of blood pressure in humans: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"73","author":"Muntner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S62","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-S062","article-title":"Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus","volume":"34","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1010714","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.1010714","article-title":"Elevated circulating GPHB5 levels in women with insulin resistance and polycystic ovary syndrome: a cross-sectional study and multiple intervention studies","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-022-00789-x","article-title":"Adipose tissue in communication: within and without","volume":"19","author":"Tseng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1053\/beem.2002.0222","article-title":"Adipose tissue as an endocrine organ","volume":"16","author":"Prins","year":"2002","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI114142","article-title":"Glucose and free fatty acid metabolism in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Evidence for multiple sites of insulin resistance","volume":"84","author":"Groop","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3978","DOI":"10.1172\/jci129186","article-title":"Metabolically healthy obesity: facts and fantasies","volume":"129","author":"Smith","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5874","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1200447109","article-title":"Dichotomous effects of VEGF-A on adipose tissue dysfunction","volume":"109","author":"Sun","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-018-0003-x","article-title":"Knockdown of Ant2 reduces adipocyte hypoxia and improves insulin resistance in obesity","volume":"1","author":"Seo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Metab"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4467","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.00192-09","article-title":"Hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha induces fibrosis and insulin resistance in white adipose tissue","volume":"29","author":"Halberg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1128\/mcb.01300-08","article-title":"Metabolic dysregulation and adipose tissue fibrosis: role of collagen VI","volume":"29","author":"Khan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1172\/jci88883","article-title":"The ominous triad of adipose tissue dysfunction: inflammation, fibrosis, and impaired angiogenesis","volume":"127","author":"Crewe","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-019-0041-z","article-title":"Metabolic messengers: adiponectin","volume":"1","author":"Straub","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Metab"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2133","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00063.2017","article-title":"Mechanisms of insulin action and insulin resistance","volume":"98","author":"Petersen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6688","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI141828","article-title":"Decreased adipose tissue oxygenation associates with insulin resistance in individuals with obesity","volume":"130","author":"Cifarelli","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.05.008","article-title":"Associations among adipose tissue immunology, inflammation, exosomes and insulin sensitivity in people with obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"161","author":"Fuchs","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e65108","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.65108","article-title":"Adiponectin preserves metabolic fitness during aging","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-021-01468-y","article-title":"Paradigm shift: the primary function of the \"adiponectin receptors\" is to regulate cell membrane composition","volume":"20","author":"Pilon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2277","article-title":"Receptor-mediated activation of ceramidase activity initiates the pleiotropic actions of adiponectin","volume":"17","author":"Holland","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7576","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26157576","article-title":"Biomarkers of metabolism and inflammation in individuals with obesity and normal weight: a comparative analysis exploring sex differences","volume":"26","author":"Gart","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.109260","article-title":"Linking genotype to trophoblast phenotype in preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome associated with STOX1 genetic variants","volume":"27","author":"Costa","year":"2024","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106568","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vph.2019.106568","article-title":"Stox1 induced the proliferation and cell cycle arrest in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells via AKT signaling pathway","volume":"120","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vasc Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19196","DOI":"10.1038\/srep19196","article-title":"Endothelial cell dysfunction and cardiac hypertrophy in the STOX1 model of preeclampsia","volume":"6","author":"Ducat","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11918","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-48427-3","article-title":"Long-term cardiovascular disorders in the STOX1 mouse model of preeclampsia","volume":"9","author":"Miralles","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-48382-5_18","article-title":"Adiponectin-resistance in obesity","volume":"960","author":"Engin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1569287","article-title":"Relationship of serum adiponectin levels and metformin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"48","author":"Su","year":"2016","journal-title":"Horm Metab Res"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.2174\/1566524019666190819160403","article-title":"Decrease in serum levels of adiponectin and increase in 8-OHdG: a culprit for cognitive impairment in the elderly patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"20","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Mol Med"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1272536","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2023.1272536","article-title":"Pathophysiological impact of CXC and CX3CL1 chemokines in preeclampsia and gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"11","author":"Ullah","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.14580","article-title":"Multiplex analysis of circulating maternal cardiovascular biomarkers comparing preeclampsia subtypes","volume":"75","author":"Lekva","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hypertension"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnut.2026.1734606\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T05:15:04Z","timestamp":1769058904000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnut.2026.1734606\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]]},"references-count":49,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fnut.2026.1734606"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnut.2026.1734606","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-861X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-861X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]]},"article-number":"1734606"}}