{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T15:01:49Z","timestamp":1788447709897,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Accurate assessment of appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) is essential in clinical practice and research involving patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). However, ASM prediction equations developed in the general population may be inappropriate for HD patients because of dialysis-related alterations in body composition and hydration status.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the performance of existing anthropometric ASM prediction equations in HD patients and to develop dialysis-specific equations tailored to this population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this cross-sectional study, 111 patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis were enrolled. ASM was measured using multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) under standardized post-dialysis conditions. The performance of three previously published equations, namely the height\u2013weight (HW), limb-length\u2013circumference (LC), and height\u2013circumference (HC) models, was assessed. New dialysis-specific equations were developed using anthropometric variables through linear regression. Agreement was evaluated using Bland\u2013Altman analysis, and internal validation was performed using cross-validation and bootstrap resampling.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Existing equations demonstrated limited agreement with BIA-measured ASM, showing substantial systematic bias and wide limits of agreement. Two dialysis-specific equations were developed: an advanced HW model (adjusted R\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.785, RMSE\u202f=\u202f2.712\u202fkg) and a HW plus HC (HH) model (adjusted R\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.807, RMSE\u202f=\u202f2.628\u202fkg). Both models showed markedly improved agreement with minimal bias and narrower limits of agreement compared with the original equations. Internal validation revealed more stable performance of the HH model, which maintained consistent agreement across internal validation and ultrafiltration-stratified sensitivity analyses.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ASM prediction equations derived from the general population have limited applicability in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. Dialysis-specific anthropometric calibration improves agreement with reference ASM, with the HH equation providing a practical and reliable tool for muscle mass assessment in this population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2026.1735182","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T04:22:34Z","timestamp":1776918154000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Novel prediction equations for appendicular skeletal muscle mass in hemodialysis patients: referenced against bioelectrical impedance analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Xinyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Yunnan Province Spinal Cord Disease Clinical Medical Center, The First People\u2019s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital","place":["Kunming, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lijuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Yunnan Province Spinal Cord Disease Clinical Medical Center, The First People\u2019s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital","place":["Kunming, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjing","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, The First People\u2019s Hospital of Yunnan Province, School of Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology","place":["Kunming, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, The First People\u2019s Hospital of Yunnan Province, School of Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology","place":["Kunming, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, The First People\u2019s Hospital of Yunnan Province, School of Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology","place":["Kunming, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Yunnan Province Spinal Cord Disease Clinical Medical Center, The First People\u2019s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital","place":["Kunming, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Yunnan Province Spinal Cord Disease Clinical Medical Center, The First People\u2019s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital","place":["Kunming, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiying","family":"Ang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Yunnan Province Spinal Cord Disease Clinical Medical Center, The First People\u2019s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital","place":["Kunming, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhuqing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Practice, Huaning People's Hospital","place":["Yuxi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Yunnan Province Spinal Cord Disease Clinical Medical Center, The First People\u2019s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital","place":["Kunming, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Yunnan Province Spinal Cord Disease Clinical Medical Center, The First People\u2019s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital","place":["Kunming, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingchun","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Beijing Boai Hospital, China Rehabilitation Research Center; School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinyuan","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Yunnan Province Spinal Cord Disease Clinical Medical Center, The First People\u2019s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 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