{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T21:19:44Z","timestamp":1781903984471,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770854400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Body weight is linked to disordered eating through psychological, behavioral, and sociocultural mechanisms. Studies in Saudi Arabia reported increased eating disorder risk, particularly among female university students; however, associations between body mass index (BMI) categories and specific EAT-26 subscales remain underexplored. This study assessed eating attitudes among Saudi adults with different BMI categories, examining associations with BMI, and identifying sociodemographic and metabolic risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This cross-sectional study surveyed Saudi adults (\u226518 years) using convenience sampling via social media between May 30, 2021, and May 22, 2024. Body mass index (BMI) categories were defined as overweight (25.0\u201329.9 kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) and obesity (\u226530 kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ). Eating attitudes were assessed using the validated Arabic EAT-26. Multinomial logistic regression examined associations between eating disorder status and BMI categories with sequential adjustment for demographic and health-related factors. Linear and multinomial regression models evaluated relationships between EAT-26 subscales and BMI as continuous and categorical outcomes using SPSS version 27.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 404 Saudi adults, mean BMI was higher in males than females (26.5 \u00b1 5.4 vs. 24.7 \u00b1 5.5 kg\u00b7m\n                      <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.001). In age- and sex-adjusted multinomial logistic regression, participants with a possible eating disorder had a higher relative risk of being overweight compared with normal weight (RRR = 5.90, 95% CI: 1.30\u201326.83). In linear regression analyses, higher scores for others' perception and oral control were inversely associated with across the full BMI distribution.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion\/conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings underscore the influence of sociocultural change in Saudi Arabia on eating attitudes, where Westernized body ideals and evolving social expectations shape body image concerns. Eating-related attitudes, particularly among individuals in the overweight range, may reflect heightened social sensitivity and self-regulation rather than pathological disordered eating. Culturally sensitive psychosocial screening and stigma-reducing, body-respectful public health strategies may support psychological wellbeing and healthier weight trajectories.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2026.1737215","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T15:15:47Z","timestamp":1770909347000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Eating attitudes across body mass index categories in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Hayat","family":"Alzahrani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University","place":["Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manal","family":"Naseeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University","place":["Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alyaa M.","family":"Zagzoog","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Health, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Northern Border University","place":["Arar, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sundus","family":"Malaikah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University","place":["Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soaad","family":"Alsulami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University","place":["Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eram","family":"Albajri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University","place":["Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13448","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13448","article-title":"Prevalence, risk factors, and interventions for obesity in Saudi Arabia: a systematic review","volume":"23","author":"Salem","year":"2022","journal-title":"Obes Rev."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1097\/NT.0000000000000092","article-title":"Body mass index: obesity, BMI, and health: a critical review","volume":"50","author":"Nuttall","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutr Today"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.26719\/emhj.23.086","article-title":"Epidemiology of obesity and control interventions in Saudi Arabia","volume":"29","author":"Almubark","year":"2023","journal-title":"East Mediterr Health J"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/s13679-025-00664-6","article-title":"Intersection between eating disorders and obesity in youth: implications for treatment","volume":"14","author":"Button","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr Obes Rep."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700049163","article-title":"The eating attitudes test: psychometric features and clinical correlates","volume":"12","author":"Garner","year":"1982","journal-title":"Psychol Med."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-108X(199611)20:3&lt;321::AID-EAT12&gt;3.0.CO;2-2","article-title":"Validity of the Arabic version of the eating attitude test","volume":"20","author":"al-Subaie","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1186\/s40337-024-01137-2","article-title":"Assessing disordered eating behaviours and attitudes: Factor structure and measurement invariance of the Arabic version of the eating attitudes test (EAT-26) in Saudi Arabia","volume":"12","author":"Alyami","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Eat Disord"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/s40337-022-00717-4","article-title":"Risk factors for eating disorders: findings from a rapid review","volume":"11","author":"Barakat","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Eat Disord."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2071","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1058_19","article-title":"Tawfik MarwaMR, Alsubaiei S, Almoallem A, Alajlouni D, Alruwaili T, et al. 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