{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T06:03:00Z","timestamp":1780984980206,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780963200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overactive bladder (OAB) is a prevalent condition that substantially impairs quality of life. Although 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] plays an important role in immune modulation, its association with OAB and the potential contribution of inflammation remain incompletely understood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed 25,096 participants from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007\u20132018 and 2,442 participants from a hospital-based replication cohort (FAH-DMU-DB) using multivariable logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models. Inflammatory biomarkers were incorporated to evaluate their influence on the association between 25(OH)D and OAB. A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was additionally performed to assess potential relationship.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In the NHANES cohort, higher serum 25(OH)D levels were inversely associated with the risk of OAB among females but not males. Female in the highest quartile of 25(OH)D exhibited a significantly lower risk of OAB compared with those in the lowest quartile (OR\u202f=\u202f0.733, 95% CI: 0.589\u20130.912,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.005). Consistent findings were observed in the FAH-DMU-DB cohort, where serum 25(OH)D levels were significantly associated with decreased risk of OAB (OR\u202f=\u202f0.490, 95% CI: 0.245\u20130.978,\n                      <jats:italic>p\u202f=<\/jats:italic>\n                      0.043). Inflammatory biomarkers, particularly the systemic immune-inflammation index and neutrophil count, attenuated the protective association between 25(OH)D and OAB. MR analysis provided additional support for the observed association, showing that genetically predicted higher vitamin D levels were associated with a reduced risk of urinary incontinence\/bladder problem (inverse variance weighted: both\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Higher serum 25(OH)D levels are associated with a lower prevalence of OAB in females. Concordant observational and genetic evidence suggests a potential protective role of vitamin D, with systemic inflammation potentially modulating this association.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2026.1741019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T05:42:07Z","timestamp":1780983727000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and overactive bladder in female: a mediation analysis of inflammatory biomarkers"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Tong","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University","place":["Dalian, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaofan","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University","place":["Dalian, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiayi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University","place":["Dalian, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University","place":["Dalian, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6783","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12216783","article-title":"Percutaneous Tibial nerve stimulation in the treatment of refractory idiopathic overactive bladder syndrome: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"12","author":"Frey","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin 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