{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T19:47:29Z","timestamp":1793908049682,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769126400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Osteoporosis is a prevalent metabolic bone disorder characterized by reduced bone mass and increased fracture risk, posing a growing global health burden. Dietary factors have emerged as important modulators of bone metabolism, among which the monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) oleic acid\u2014abundant in olive oil and nuts\u2014has attracted increasing attention. This review summarizes current evidence on the mechanisms through which oleic acid influences bone metabolism, with particular emphasis on the gut\u2013bone axis as an integrative regulatory pathway. We describe how oleic acid modulates gut microbiota composition, reinforces intestinal barrier integrity, and influences the production of microbiota-derived metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bile acids, and indole derivatives. These metabolites act on bone remodeling through specific signaling pathways and receptors, such as free fatty acid receptors, bile acid receptors, and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), thereby linking dietary fat intake to skeletal homeostasis. Preclinical and clinical evidence supporting the bone-protective effects of oleic acid\u2013rich dietary patterns is critically evaluated, while existing gaps\u2014particularly the limited availability of randomized controlled trials using purified oleic acid\u2014are highlighted. Finally, challenges and future directions are discussed, including interindividual variability in gut microbiota, translational limitations, and the potential for personalized nutrition strategies. Collectively, current evidence suggests that oleic acid represents a promising dietary component for supporting bone health, with the gut\u2013bone axis providing a mechanistic framework for future research and potential translational exploration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2026.1745125","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T14:53:36Z","timestamp":1769180016000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The gut\u2013bone axis: mechanisms through which oleic acid regulates bone metabolism and its potential in preventing and treating osteoporosis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Minshun","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, Lu'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Lu'an, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianda","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Suzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine","place":["Suzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianhua","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Hefei, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaping","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, Lu'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Lu'an, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Long","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese 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