{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T20:19:26Z","timestamp":1790194766321,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":236,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775088000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nutritional psychiatry is an emerging field. Micro- and macro-nutrients play a role in energy metabolism and the regulation of inflammation; particularly, an insufficient dietary intake of omega-3 fatty acids and an imbalanced intake of omega-6\/omega-3 fatty acids, with a shift toward increased inflammation, are of relevance for the pathophysiology of mental disorders. This review summarizes evidence on the role of omega-3 fatty acids in the pathophysiology of mental disorders (schizophrenia, affective and anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, and eating disorders), neurodevelopmental disorders (attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder) and neurodegenerative disorders (Alzheimer's disease) and explores potential treatment implications. In addition, the underlying neurobiological mechanisms through which omega-3 fatty acids might exert a protective effect are also discussed. Despite methodological variability and heterogeneous results, an increasing body of evidence suggests that omega-3 deficiency and altered fatty acid profiles are modifiable risk factors and potential biomarkers for mental disorders. The integration of omega-3 supplementation as an adjuvant to state-of-the-art therapy offers the potential for a low-risk intervention with meaningful clinical outcomes. However, clinical monitoring is recommended to avoid adverse effects and to adjust the dosage according to individual and disease-specific factors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2026.1748196","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T04:20:35Z","timestamp":1775103635000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Omega-3 fatty acids in mental disorders: from neurobiological and metabolic mechanisms to therapeutic potential"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Katharina","family":"Fleig","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center","place":["Ulm, Germany"]},{"name":"Department of Clinical & Biological Psychology, Faculty of Engineering, Computer Science and Psychology, Ulm University","place":["Ulm, Germany"]},{"name":"German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), 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