{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T16:00:18Z","timestamp":1787673618888,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774483200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>National dietary guidelines have largely overlooked the environmental sustainability of food systems. A multi-objective optimization framework to evaluate trade-offs among nutritional requirements, greenhouse-gas emissions, and economic costs across four countries at different development stages\u2014the United States, China, Australia, and New Zealand.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using epidemiologically informed nutrient constraints and life-cycle environmental data, we systematically evaluate dietary scenarios that optimize animal-product consumption while ensuring essential nutrient adequacy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our analysis shows that strategic reductions in beef consumption can lower diet-related greenhouse-gas emissions by 28\u201362%, while chicken and eggs are reallocated to maintain nutritional integrity. Economic impacts vary markedly: vitamin-optimized scenarios reduce costs by 23% in China but increase costs by 19% in Australia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results reveal distinct optimization pathways that necessitate tailored policy measures. This framework enables policymakers to revise food-based dietary guidelines to align with climate commitments while safeguarding nutritional security and economic viability across diverse national contexts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2026.1758724","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T05:18:55Z","timestamp":1774502335000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Multi-objective optimization of national dietary guidelines: balancing nutrition, environment, and economy"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Yehao","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nutrition Regulation and Ecological Raising of Domestic Animal, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University","place":["Zhengzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fenghui","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nutrition Regulation and Ecological Raising of Domestic Animal, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University","place":["Zhengzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengmeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nutrition Regulation and Ecological Raising of Domestic Animal, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University","place":["Zhengzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tingting","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nutrition Regulation and Ecological Raising of Domestic Animal, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University","place":["Zhengzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nutrition Regulation and Ecological Raising of Domestic Animal, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University","place":["Zhengzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tong","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nutrition Regulation and Ecological Raising of Domestic Animal, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University","place":["Zhengzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tengyun","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nutrition Regulation and Ecological Raising of Domestic Animal, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University","place":["Zhengzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuanyou","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nutrition Regulation and Ecological Raising of Domestic Animal, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University","place":["Zhengzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-09085-w","article-title":"Impacts of climate change on global agriculture accounting for adaptation","volume":"642","author":"Hultgren","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100849","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gfs.2025.100849","article-title":"Challenges and opportunities for building resilient agrifood systems in food crisis contexts","volume":"45","author":"Libert-Amico","year":"2025","journal-title":"Glob Food Secur"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176761","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.176761","article-title":"Sustainable food systems under environmental footprints: the delicate balance from farm to table","volume":"954","author":"Niu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Total Enviro"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)01201-2","article-title":"et al. 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