{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T05:40:43Z","timestamp":1777354843327,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777334400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We aimed to evaluate the security and application value of early combined parenteral and enteral nutrition support for non-operative intestinal obstruction in patients aged over 80\u202fyears old.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Data on 191 older patients who were receiving combined parenteral and enteral nutrition support from August 2008 to July 2019 were retrospectively recorded and examined. According to the starting time of enteral nutrition support, we divided the patients into two groups: early parenteral nutrition combined with enteral nutrition (ECPEN,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f85) and delayed parenteral nutrition combined with enteral nutrition (DCPEN,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f106). According to all groups\u2019 history data, NRS2002 and mini nutritional assessment (MNA) were employed for nutritional risk screening and malnutrition classification. After propensity score matching (PSM), 79 sets of data were included in further statistics. The comparison results included intestinal obstruction treatment, nutritional support, infection index, biochemical index and complications.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 79 pairs were selected after 1:1 propensity score matching based on gender, age, BMI, nutritional score, history of abdominal surgery, complications, and performance status. The baseline levels of patients with ECPEN and DCPEN were basically balanced. There were no significant differences in the inhibitor use time or the time of first flatulation and defecation between the two groups, but the duration of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) in the DCPEN group was longer, while the time of combined application of PN and EN was shorter. Enteral nutrition (EN) was applied earlier in the ECPEN group than in the DCPEN group, and EN gradually increased to 60% of the target energy requirement. In the ECPEN group, the average hospitalization days were less and the medical expenses were low. After seven days of non-surgical treatment, the white blood cells, lymphocytes, IL-6, PCT, ALB, blood sodium, blood potassium, and blood phosphorus of the two groups all improved, with significant differences compared with before the treatment. Blood glucose content in the ECPEN group gradually declined to an acceptable range from a high and fluctuated level, with a smaller standard deviation and better stability compared to the DCPEN group. The ALT and AST values in the ECPEN group returned to a normal range, but the liver function indexes in the DCPEN group were still higher than the upper limit of the normal range. Within 30 and 180\u202fdays after operation, there were fewer class I-IV complications in the ECPEN group than in the DCPEN group, and the incidence of class II complications was the most significantly different (10 vs. 22 and 15 vs. 25, respectively). After 30, 90, and 180\u202fdays of treatment, the readmission rate of patients in the ECPEN group was also lower than that in the DCPEN group, with statistical significance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Old age is not a contraindication to early enteral nutrition for incomplete intestinal obstruction. Estimating the time to apply EN accurately and arranging total amount of intravenous fluid based on the patient\u2019s organic function can benefit elderly patients and also be an important nutritional support for incomplete ileus through non-operative treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2026.1762338","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T04:50:41Z","timestamp":1777351841000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Early combined parenteral and enteral nutrition support for patients over 80\u202fyears old with non-operative intestinal obstruction"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Zhida","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Department of Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pengfei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Chinese PLA Medical School","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongqing","family":"Xi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/S0261-5614(02)00214-5","article-title":"Nutritional risk screening (NRS 2002): a new method based on an analysis of controlled clinical trials","volume":"22","author":"Kondrup","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2016.09.004","article-title":"ESPEN guidelines on definitions and terminology of clinical nutrition","volume":"36","author":"Cederholm","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.07.012","article-title":"A systematic review of the cost and cost effectiveness of using standard oral nutritional supplements in community and care home settings","volume":"35","author":"Elia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2016.01.002","article-title":"Oral nutritional supplements in a randomised trial are more effective than dietary advice at improving quality of life in malnourished care home residents","volume":"36","author":"Parsons","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.09.004","article-title":"Impact of a specialized oral nutritional supplement on quality of life in older adults following hospitalization: post-hoc analysis of the NOURISH trial","volume":"42","author":"Baggs","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2016.08.009","article-title":"Impacts of high-protein Oral nutritional supplements among malnourished men and women with sarcopenia: a multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, controlled trial","volume":"17","author":"Cramer","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.05.010","article-title":"A systematic review of the cost and cost effectiveness of using standard oral nutritional supplements in the hospital setting","volume":"35","author":"Elia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmaa108","article-title":"Quality of the evidence supporting the role of Oral nutritional supplements in the Management of Malnutrition: an overview of systematic reviews and Meta-analyses","volume":"12","author":"Baldwin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv Nutr"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2016.09.005","article-title":"Who receives oral nutritional supplements in nursing homes? Results from the nutritionDay project","volume":"36","author":"Streicher","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.07.015","article-title":"Indicators of oral nutritional supplements prescription in nursing home residents: a cross-sectional study","volume":"35","author":"Dupuy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.5223\/pghn.2018.21.4.315","article-title":"Comparing compliance and efficacy of Isocaloric Oral nutritional supplementation using 1.5 kcal\/mL or 1 kcal\/mL sip feeds in mildly to moderately malnourished Indonesian children: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"21","author":"Devaera","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/s40258-016-0269-7","article-title":"The cost-effectiveness of Oral nutrition supplementation for malnourished older hospital patients","volume":"15","author":"Zhong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl Health Econ Health Policy"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2015.07.005","article-title":"Costs of malnutrition in institutionalized and community-dwelling older adults: a systematic review","volume":"17","author":"Abizanda","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1007\/s00423-016-1527-8","article-title":"Randomized controlled clinical trial assessing the effects of oral nutritional supplements in postoperative gastric cancer patients","volume":"402","author":"Hatao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Langenbeck's Arch Surg"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD001880","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001880.pub6","article-title":"Nutritional supplementation for hip fracture aftercare in older people","volume":"11","author":"Avenell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3704","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000003704","article-title":"Perioperative standard oral nutrition supplements versus immunonutrition in patients undergoing colorectal resection in an enhanced recovery (ERAS) protocol: a multicenter randomized clinical trial (SONVI study)","volume":"95","author":"Moya","year":"2016","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD014217","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014217","article-title":"Folic acid supplementation and malaria susceptibility and severity among people taking antifolate antimalarial drugs in endemic areas","volume":"2022","author":"Crider","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e001279","DOI":"10.1136\/lupus-2024-001279","article-title":"Methyl-donor supplementation in women with systemic lupus erythematosus with different nutritional status: the protocol for a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"11","author":"da Mota","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lupus Sci Med"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.4067\/s0034-98872024000300360","article-title":"Nutritional status of institutionalized elderly and its relationship with functional status during 2019","volume":"152","author":"Valenzuela","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rev Med Chile"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114521003925","article-title":"Nutritional intake and malnutrition in institutionalised and non-institutionalised older adults","volume":"128","author":"Madeira","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqab051","article-title":"Low protein intake, physical activity, and physical function in European and north American community-dwelling older adults: a pooled analysis of four longitudinal aging cohorts","volume":"114","author":"Mendon\u00e7a","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1177\/0884533617692527","article-title":"Nutritional risk screening 2002, short nutritional assessment questionnaire, malnutrition screening tool, and malnutrition universal screening tool are good predictors of nutrition risk in an emergency service","volume":"32","author":"Rabito","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutr Clin Pract"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e3181b13ca2","article-title":"The Clavien-Dindo classification of surgical complications: five-year experience","volume":"250","author":"Clavien","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"f5588","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f5588","article-title":"Burden of adhesions in abdominal and pelvic surgery: systematic review and met-analysis","volume":"347","author":"Broek","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2016.07.015","article-title":"ESPEN guidelines on nutrition in cancer patients","volume":"36","author":"Arends","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.6805","article-title":"Nutritional risk is a clinical predictor of postoperative mortality and morbidity in Sur- gery for colorectal cancer","volume":"97","author":"Schwegler","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1080\/01635581.2013.741752","article-title":"The impact of nutritional status, nutritional risk, and nutritional treatment on clinical outcome of 2248 hospitalized cancer patients: a multi-center, prospective cohort study in Chinese teaching hospitals","volume":"65","author":"Pan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutr Cancer"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1177\/0884533615587537","article-title":"Validation of a screening tool to identify undernutrition in ambulatory patients with liver cirrhosis","volume":"30","author":"Booi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutr Clin Pract"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1186\/s12937-015-0054-8","article-title":"Comparison of two nutrition assessment tools in surgical elderly inpatients in northern China","volume":"14","author":"Zhou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutr J"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-009-0805-1","article-title":"Nutritional screening tools in daily clinical practice: the focus on cancer","volume":"18","author":"Leuenberger","year":"2010","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.015","article-title":"Identifying critically-ill patients who will benefit most from nutritional therapy: further validation of the \"modified NUTRIC\" nutritional risk assessment tool","volume":"35","author":"Rahman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2014.04.013","article-title":"A comparison of the malnutrition screening tools, MUST, MNA and bioelectrical impedance assessment in frail older hospital patients","volume":"34","author":"Slee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607111414023","article-title":"Nutrition screening tools: an analysis of the evidence","volume":"36","author":"Skipper","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Parenter Enter Nutr"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1734","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2010.03016.x","article-title":"Frequency of malnutrition in older adults: a multinational perspective using the mini nutritional assessment","volume":"58","author":"Kaiser","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2005.03.004","article-title":"To screen or not to screen for adult malnutrition?","volume":"24","author":"Elia","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2124","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2011.03659.x","article-title":"Prospective validation of the modified mini nutritional assessment short-forms in the community, nursing home, and rehabilitation setting","volume":"59","author":"Kaiser","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-012-0405-5","article-title":"Use of the Mini nutritional assessment to detect frailty in hospitalised older people","volume":"16","author":"Dent","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2010.01.006","article-title":"Comprehensive assessment of malnutrition risk and related factors in a large group of community-dwelling older adults","volume":"29","author":"\u00dclger","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1601412","article-title":"Use of the scored patient-generated subjective global assessment (PG-SGA) as a nutrition assessment tool in patients with cancer","volume":"56","author":"Bauer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607116672264","article-title":"Malnutrition identified by the academy of nutrition and dietetics and American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition consensus criteria and other bedside tools is highly prevalent in a sample of individuals undergoing treatment for head and neck cancer","volume":"42","author":"Mulasi","year":"2018","journal-title":"JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2012.05.006","article-title":"Inter-rater reliability of the subjective global assessment: a systematic literature review","volume":"29","author":"Jessica","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1883","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000002743","article-title":"American society for enhanced recovery and perioperative quality initiative joint consensus statement on nutrition screening and therapy within a surgical enhanced recovery pathway","volume":"126","author":"Wischmeyer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2009.04.004","article-title":"ESPEN guidelines on parenteral nutrition: geriatrics","volume":"28","author":"Sobotka","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2009.08.027","article-title":"Impact of nutritional support on clinical outcome in patients at nutritional risk: a multicenter, prospective cohort study in Baltimore and Beijing teaching hospitals","volume":"26","author":"Jie","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.323.7316.773","article-title":"Early enteral feeding versus \"nil by mouth\" after gastrointestinal surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials","volume":"323","author":"Lewis","year":"2001","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000000288","article-title":"Reduction of postoperative ileus by early enteral nutrition in patients under- going major rectal surgery: prospective, randomized, controlled tria","volume":"259","author":"Boelens","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.a301","article-title":"Refeeding syndrome: what it is, and how to prevent and treat it","volume":"336","author":"Mehanna","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2016.05.016","article-title":"Revisiting the refeeding syndrome: results of a systematic review","volume":"35","author":"Friedli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1177\/0115426505020006625","article-title":"Review of the refeeding syndrome","volume":"20","author":"Kraft","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nutr Clin Pract"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1097\/MCO.0000000000000730","article-title":"Electrolyte disorders during the initiation of nutrition therapy in the ICU","volume":"24","author":"Reintam Blaser","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.7748\/nop.28.3.16.s22","article-title":"Addressing the nutritional needs of older patients","volume":"28","author":"Relph","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nurs Older People"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2013.07.013","article-title":"Malnutrition in the elderly: a narrative review","volume":"76","author":"Agarwal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.017061","article-title":"Leucine-enriched essential amino acid supplementation during moderate steady state exercise enhances postexercise muscle protein synthesis","volume":"94","author":"Pasiakos","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2012.09.025","article-title":"Perspective: dietary protein needs of elderly people: protein supplementation as an effective strategy to counteract sarcopenia","volume":"14","author":"Evans","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1644","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.01.028","article-title":"ESPEN guideline on clinical nutrition in hospitalized patients with acute or chronic kidney disease","volume":"40","author":"Fiaccadori","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.08.053728","article-title":"Estimating the cardiovascular mortality burden attributable to the European common agricultural policy on dietary saturated fats","volume":"86","author":"Lloyd-Williams","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"ref57","first-page":"178","article-title":"Impact of fish oil enriched total parenteral nutrition on elderly patients after colorectal cancer surgery","volume":"125","author":"Zhu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chin Med J"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD007798","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858","article-title":"Clinically-indicated replacement versus routine replacement of peripheral venous catheters","volume":"1","author":"Webster","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.28.7.1599","article-title":"Obesity, inactivity, and the prevalence of diabetes and diabetes-related cardiovascular comorbidities in the U.S., 2000-2002","volume":"28","author":"Sullivan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000001896","article-title":"Early enteral versus total 884. Parenteral nutrition in patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy: a randomized multicenter controlled trial (Nutri-DPC)","volume":"264","author":"Perinel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1177\/0115426596011004151","article-title":"Hyperglycemia associated with high, continuous infusion rates of total parenteral nutrition dextrose","volume":"11","author":"Rosmarin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nutr Clin Pract"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-9007(97)00029-4","article-title":"Changes in nutritional status and patterns of morbidity among free-living elderly persons: a 10-year longitudinal study","volume":"13","author":"Vellas","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.3906\/sag-1411-102","article-title":"The effect of enteral immunonutrition in upper gastrointestinalsurgery for cancer: a prospective study","volume":"46","author":"Yildiz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Turk J Med Sci"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12170","article-title":"Pre-operative oral nutritional supplementation with dietary advice versus dietary advice alone in weight-losing patients with colorectal cancer: single-blind randomized controlled trial","volume":"8","author":"Burden","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnut.2026.1762338\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T04:50:44Z","timestamp":1777351844000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnut.2026.1762338\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]]},"references-count":64,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fnut.2026.1762338"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnut.2026.1762338","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-861X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-861X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]]},"article-number":"1762338"}}