{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T14:52:44Z","timestamp":1791903164746,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774310400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Alcohol and caffeine have distinct pharmacological effects, yet they are often consumed in overlapping everyday contexts (e.g., social gatherings and shared leisure time). The psychological factors that may contribute to such overlap remain unclear. This study explores associations between motives for alcohol and caffeine consumption.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study obtained Internet survey data from nonproblem alcohol drinkers in Japan aged 20\u201339\u202fyears (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u202f325). Correlation analysis was conducted between the scores for the Drinking Motives Questionnaire-Revised (DMQ-R) and the Motives for Caffeine Consumption Questionnaire (MCCQ). Additionally, the study conducted an exploratory, person-centered cluster analysis based on DMQ-R and MCCQ subscale scores to descriptively summarize combined motive patterns, and compared external variables, including subscale scores from the Ten Item Personality Inventory (TIPI) and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ), between the resulting clusters.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among the significant positive correlation coefficients between the subscale scores for the DMQ-R and MCCQ, the largest was between conformity (DMQ-R) and social (MCCQ). Exploratory cluster analysis yielded two motive-profile clusters. The cluster characterized by relatively higher social-motive profiles showed lower neuroticism and higher openness (TIPI), as well as lower scores on several CERQ subscales (self-blame, acceptance, rumination, putting into perspective, and catastrophizing).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings suggest that motives for alcohol and caffeine consumption may be associated, particularly with respect to social-context motives, and that personality traits and cognitive emotion regulation strategies may be associated with individual differences in these motive patterns.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2026.1778625","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T14:01:53Z","timestamp":1774360913000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Relationship among motives for alcohol and caffeine consumption, personality traits, and cognitive emotion regulation strategies in nonproblem alcohol drinkers"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Naoki","family":"Kato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Core Technology Laboratories, Asahi Quality & Innovations, Ltd.","place":["Ibaraki, Japan"]},{"name":"Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University","place":["Tokyo, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shunji","family":"Oshima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sustainable Technology Laboratories, Asahi Quality & Innovations, Ltd.","place":["Ibaraki, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katsumi","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University","place":["Tokyo, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"375","volume-title":"Oxford Library of Psychology. The Oxford Handbook of Substance Use and Substance Use Disorders","author":"Cooper","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1037\/a0017512","article-title":"Do changes in drinking motives mediate the relation between personality change and \u201cmaturing out\u201d of problem drinking?","volume":"119","author":"Littlefield","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1037\/0893-164x.17.2.142","article-title":"Social influences in motivated drinking among college students","volume":"17","author":"Hussong","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychol Addict Behav"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.47263\/JASEM.7(1)01","article-title":"The mediating role of drinking motives on the link between alcohol use and personality factors","volume":"7","author":"Beninsig","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Appl Struct Equ Model"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.6.2.117","article-title":"Motivations for alcohol use among adolescents: development and validation of a four-factor model","volume":"6","author":"Cooper","year":"1994","journal-title":"Psychol Assess"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.11560\/jhpr.190521128","article-title":"Motives for drinking and problem drinking in middle-aged people: examination of DMQ-R and AUDIT based on gender","volume":"32","author":"Okada","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Health Psychol Res"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2013.01.021","article-title":"Validation of the Drinking Motives Questionnaire (DMQ) in older adults","volume":"38","author":"Gilson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"151","article-title":"College students\u2019 uses of caffeine and its relationship to personality","volume":"26","author":"Landrum","year":"1992","journal-title":"Coll Stud J"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2007.02.006","article-title":"Personality traits associated with caffeine intake and smoking","volume":"31","author":"Gurpegui","year":"2007","journal-title":"Prog Neuro-Psychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-017-9822-3","article-title":"Why do you drink caffeine? The development of the Motives for Caffeine Consumption Questionnaire (MCCQ) and its relationship with gender, age and the types of caffeinated beverages","volume":"16","author":"\u00c1goston","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Ment Health Addict"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1089\/jcr.2014.0002","article-title":"Development and initial validation of the Caffeine Motives Questionnaire","volume":"4","author":"Irons","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Caffeine Res"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s41155-023-00285-9","article-title":"Motives for Caffeine Consumption Questionnaire (MCCQ): validity and reliability of Turkish version","volume":"37","author":"K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckkasap","year":"2024","journal-title":"Psicol Reflex Crit"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0021-843X.97.2.168","article-title":"A motivational model of alcohol use","volume":"97","author":"Cox","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"291","volume-title":"Why People Drink: Parameters of Alcohol as a Reinforcer","author":"Cox","year":"1990"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"121","volume-title":"Handbook of Motivational Counseling: Concepts, Approaches, and Assessment","author":"Cox","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2087","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12438","article-title":"Combined alcohol and energy drink use: motivations as predictors of consumption patterns, risk of alcohol dependence, and experience of injury and aggression","volume":"38","author":"Droste","year":"2014","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1037\/adb0000607","article-title":"Development and psychometric evaluation of the Caffeinated Alcoholic Beverages Motives Questionnaire","volume":"35","author":"Norberg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychol Addict Behav"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/1047840x.2014.940781","article-title":"Emotion regulation: current status and future prospects","volume":"26","author":"Gross","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychol Inq"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3999(94)90005-1","article-title":"The twenty-item Toronto alexithymia scale--I. Item selection and cross-validation of the factor structure","volume":"38","author":"Bagby","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1465286","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1465286","article-title":"The effect of alexithymia on depression: evidence from meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1080\/10826084.2018.1524490","article-title":"Is it the taste or the buzz? Alexithymia, caffeine, and emotional eating","volume":"54","author":"Lyvers","year":"2019","journal-title":"Subst Use Misuse"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.5993\/ajhb.38.4.8","article-title":"Emotion dysregulation and coping drinking motives in college women","volume":"38","author":"Messman-Moore","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Health Behav"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1037\/cfp0000160","article-title":"Alcohol use problems and conflict among couples: a preliminary investigation of the moderating effects of maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies","volume":"11","author":"Leone","year":"2022","journal-title":"Couple Family Psychol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109066","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2021.109066","article-title":"Advancing our understanding of the intersection between emotion regulation and alcohol and drug use problems: dyadic analysis in couples with intimate partner violence and alcohol use disorder","volume":"228","author":"Weiss","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"ref25","volume-title":"WHO\/AUDIT: The Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test","author":"Hiro","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref26","volume-title":"The Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test: Guidelines for Use in Primary Health Care","author":"Babor","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2064790","DOI":"10.1080\/23311908.2022.2064790","article-title":"Revision and validation of the Japanese-version of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire: psychometric properties and measurement invariance across gender","volume":"9","author":"Urano","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cogent Psychol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1016\/s0191-8869(00)00113-6","article-title":"Negative life events, cognitive emotion regulation and emotional problems","volume":"30","author":"Garnefski","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pers Individ Dif"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2006.04.010","article-title":"Cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire \u2013 development of a short 18-item version (CERQ-short)","volume":"41","author":"Garnefski","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pers Individ Dif"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.4092\/jsre.23.46","article-title":"The usage tendency of and the relation with psychological health of cognitive emotion regulation: development of Japanese-version Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire and focus on the effects of negative emotional intensity","volume":"23","author":"Sakakibara","year":"2015","journal-title":"Japan J Res Emotions"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1016\/s0092-6566(03)00046-1","article-title":"A very brief measure of the big-five personality domains","volume":"37","author":"Gosling","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Res Pers"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.2132\/personality.21.40","article-title":"Development, reliability, and validity of the Japanese version of Ten Item Personality Inventory (TIPI-J)","volume":"21","author":"Oshio","year":"2012","journal-title":"Japan J Pers"},{"key":"ref33","first-page":"57","article-title":"Basics and considerations for reporting effect sizes in research papers","volume":"31","author":"Mizumoto","year":"2008","journal-title":"Stud Engl Lang Teach"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10705519909540118","article-title":"Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives","volume":"6","author":"Hu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Struct Equ Model Multidiscip J"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.7275\/jyj1-4868","article-title":"Best practices in exploratory factor analysis: four recommendations for getting the most from your analysis","volume":"10","author":"Costello","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pract Assess Res Eval"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167292183006","article-title":"A collective self-esteem scale: self-evaluation of one\u2019s social identity","volume":"18","author":"Luhtanen","year":"1992","journal-title":"Personal Soc Psychol Bull"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0179646","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0179646","article-title":"Personality traits across countries: support for similarities rather than differences","volume":"12","author":"Kajonius","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.89.3.407","article-title":"Personality profiles of cultures: aggregate personality traits","volume":"89","author":"McCrae","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1080\/02699931.2012.739998","article-title":"One versus many: capturing the use of multiple emotion regulation strategies in response to an emotion-eliciting stimulus","volume":"27","author":"Aldao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cogn Emot"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691613504116","article-title":"Regulatory flexibility: an individual differences perspective on coping and emotion regulation","volume":"8","author":"Bonanno","year":"2013","journal-title":"Perspect Psychol Sci"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.14966\/jssp.0949","article-title":"How does cognitive appraisal moderate the relationship between cognitive emotion regulation strategies and psychological health?","volume":"32","author":"Sakakibara","year":"2017","journal-title":"Jpn J Soc Psychol"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2026.2012574","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791763200000}}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnut.2026.1778625\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T14:32:28Z","timestamp":1791901948000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnut.2026.1778625\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]]},"references-count":41,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fnut.2026.1778625"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnut.2026.1778625","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-861X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-861X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]]},"article-number":"1778625"}}