{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T17:01:46Z","timestamp":1784739706771,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784678400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"\n Aim<\/jats:title>\n This study aimed to investigate the effect of a 1-day outpatient intervention on insulin resistance in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), to explore its potential mechanisms, and to evaluate its impact on maternal and neonatal outcomes so as to optimize clinical intervention strategies and provide evidence for ensuring maternal and neonatal safety.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n A total of 252 patients with GDM were included in this study, and they were divided into the GDM intervention group (receiving 1-day outpatient comprehensive management mode of diabetes) and the GDM group (routine nutrition consultation). All participants were followed up to 6-week postpartum. Variance analysis, chi-square test, and bivariate Pearson\u2019s correlation were used to analyze changes in blood glucose, stress hormones, iron metabolism, and oxidative stress markers, as well as their correlations.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n After intervention, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, and 2-h postprandial blood glucose were significantly decreased in the GDM intervention group (all\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u202f&lt;\u202f0.05). Levels of epinephrine (E), cortisol, MDA, and serum ferritin (SF) were also lower than in the GDM group (all p\u202f&lt;\u202f0.05). The rates of insulin use, postpartum glucose abnormality, preterm birth, and macrosomia were significantly reduced (all\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u202f&lt;\u202f0.05). E, cortisol, MDA, and SF were positively correlated with HOMA-IR (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n \u202f=\u202f0.457, 0.532, 0.324, 0.321, all\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u202f&lt;\u202f0.05).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n One-day outpatient intervention can effectively alleviate insulin resistance, lower postprandial blood glucose, and improve maternal and infant outcomes in GDM patients. The mechanism may be associated with improved iron metabolism, reduced stress disorder, and oxidative stress injury in GDM patients.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2026.1792550","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T16:10:28Z","timestamp":1784736628000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of 1-day outpatient nutrition intervention on insulin resistance and maternal\u2013infant outcomes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus: a single-center retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Yan","family":"Feng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Nutrition, Yuhuangding Hospital affiliated to Qingdao University","place":["Yantai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongchao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Nutrition, Weifang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital","place":["Weifang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaowei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Nutrition, Weifang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital","place":["Weifang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Military Burn Center, The 990th Hospital of The People\u2019s Liberation Army","place":["Zhumadian, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinghong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Yuhuangding Hospital affiliated to Qingdao University","place":["Yantai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112462","article-title":"Gestational diabetes mellitus and its impact on maternal and neonatal outcomes in indigenous populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"229","author":"Duong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"666.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2025.07.010","article-title":"Once gestational diabetes, always gestational diabetes? 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