{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T16:04:45Z","timestamp":1791389085362,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774828800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The nutritional status is a very vital predictor of stroke patient recovery, functional independence, muscle strength, and rehabilitation outcomes. Nevertheless, little is known about the association between the state of nutrition and functional recovery during the usual nursing care in hospitalized stroke patients especially when carried out in retrospective studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine the association between baseline nutritional status and functional recovery in stroke patients under hospital nursing care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective cohort study of 500 stroke patients admitted to a tertiary teaching hospital from January 2023 to December 2025 was conducted. Nutritional status at admission was assessed using the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI), supported by anthropometric (BMI, mid-upper arm circumference) and functional (handgrip strength) measures. Functional recovery was evaluated via the Barthel Index (BI), Functional Independence Measure (FIM), handgrip strength, and ambulation status at admission and discharge. Multivariate linear regression adjusted for age, sex, stroke severity, comorbidities, dysphagia, and length of stay.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>At admission, 234 patients were well-nourished, 177 at risk, and 89 malnourished. Malnourished patients were older, had higher comorbidity burdens, and lower baseline BI and FIM scores. Baseline nutritional status was significantly associated with functional improvement: well-nourished patients showed the largest gains (\u0394BI 30.9 \u00b1 9.6; \u0394FIM 27.8 \u00b1 10.1), while malnourished patients had the smallest (\u0394BI 18.2 \u00b1 8.1; \u0394FIM 16.1 \u00b1 9.0). Patients who improved their nutritional status during hospitalization achieved greater functional recovery. Multivariate regression identified serum albumin, handgrip strength, and mid-upper arm circumference as independent predictors of functional improvement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Baseline nutritional status strongly predicts functional recovery in hospitalized stroke patients. Routine biochemical and anthropometric measures provide practical, clinically relevant insights, emphasizing the importance of early nutritional assessment and intervention to optimize rehabilitation outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2026.1795299","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T04:10:17Z","timestamp":1774843817000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Analysis of nutritional status and functional recovery outcomes in stroke patients under nursing care"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Gengxiu","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Ganzhou Hospital-Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University","place":["Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minxiang","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Ganzhou Hospital-Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University","place":["Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zichao","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infection Management Division, Ganzhou Hospital-Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University","place":["Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanhua","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Ganzhou Hospital-Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University","place":["Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15020294","article-title":"Impact of nutritional status on outcomes of stroke survivors: a Post Hoc analysis of the NHANES","volume":"15","author":"Lu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5708","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.5708-25","article-title":"Geriatric nutrition risk index predicts poor swallowing recovery in acute ischemic stroke","author":"Ikenouchi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int Med."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"834973","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2022.834973","article-title":"Malnutrition and risk of mortality in ischemic stroke patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis","volume":"14","author":"Tang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4144","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15194144","article-title":"High nutritional risk is associated with poor functional status and prognostic biomarkers in stroke patients at admission to a rehabilitation unit","volume":"15","author":"Di Vincenzo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-023-03919-w","article-title":"The relationship between the baseline geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) and neurological function at the convalescence stage in patients with stroke: a cross-sectional study","volume":"23","author":"Zhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15030683","article-title":"The assessment of the risk of malnutrition (undernutrition) in stroke patients","volume":"15","author":"Di Vincenzo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2025.108398","article-title":"Association between nutritional status and mortality\/neurological outcomes in stroke patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"34","author":"Hu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J stroke cerebrovasc dis."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-023-03152-3","article-title":"The association between malnutrition status and hemorrhagic transformation in patients with acute ischemic stroke receiving intravenous thrombolysis","volume":"23","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Neurol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/82.4.777","article-title":"Geriatric nutritional risk index: a new index for evaluating at-risk elderly medical patients","volume":"82","author":"Bouillanne","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104859","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2024.104859","article-title":"Nutritional assessment in acute stroke patients: a systematic review of guidelines and systematic reviews","volume":"158","author":"Mancin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Stud."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.2174\/1567202619666211217130221","article-title":"Malnutrition could predict 3-month functional prognosis in mild stroke patients: findings from a nationwide stroke registry","volume":"18","author":"Qin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Neurovasc Res."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39817","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-23448-3","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of malnutrition in elderly hospitalized patients with post-stroke dysphagia","volume":"15","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104859","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2024.104859","article-title":"Nutritional assessment in acute stroke patients: a systematic review of guidelines and systematic reviews","volume":"158","author":"Mancin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Stud."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1097\/MRR.0000000000000503","article-title":"Validity of the controlling nutritional status score as a nutritional assessment tool early after stroke","volume":"45","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Rehabil Res."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17050919","article-title":"Prognostic impact of malnutrition evaluated via bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) in acute isc hemic stroke: findings from an inverse probability weighting analysis","volume":"17","author":"Dal Bello","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3734","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17233734","article-title":"The relationship between controlling nutritional status score and physical function and dependency level in stroke patients","volume":"17","author":"Ersoy","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1502772","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2025.1502772","article-title":"Influence of nutritional status on rehabilitation efficacy of patients after stroke\u2014a scoping review","volume":"16","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Neurol."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.53711","article-title":"Influence of nutritional interventions on functional outcomes in stroke rehabilitation: a systematic review","author":"Kolanu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e34048","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000034048","article-title":"Advances in the beneficial effects of nutrition on stroke-related Sarcopenia: a narrative review","volume":"102","author":"Gao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Medicine."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1923","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12071923","article-title":"Correlation of body composition and nutritional status with functional recovery in stroke rehabilitation patients","volume":"12","author":"Irisawa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13030943","article-title":"Nutrition in the first week after stroke is associated with discharge to home","volume":"13","author":"Sato","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4825","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14224825","article-title":"Relationship between nutritional status, food consumption and sarcopenia in post-stroke rehabilitation: preliminary data","volume":"14","author":"Siotto","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111971","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2023.111971","article-title":"Malnutrition on admission is associated with trunk function recovery but not with lower limb muscle strength recovery in patients with acute stroke: an observational cohort study","volume":"109","author":"Nozoe","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrition."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2022.106354","article-title":"Undernutrition at admission suppresses post-stroke recovery of trunk function","volume":"31","author":"Sato","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.21608\/ejhc.2021.149446","article-title":"Enteral feeding protocol to improvement functional outcome in stroke patient","volume":"12","author":"Shabaan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Egypt j health care."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1558019","DOI":"10.3389\/fstro.2025.1558019","article-title":"Nutritional care in rehabilitation and acute care of stroke patients: a systematic review of clinical practice guidelines","volume":"4","author":"Siewers","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Stroke."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e29651","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000029651","article-title":"The effects of nutrition supplement on rehabilitation for patients with troke: analysis based on 16 randomized controlled trials","volume":"101","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Medicine."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuaf179","article-title":"Oral nutritional interventions for stroke recovery: a systematic review","author":"Lang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nutr Rev."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1489222","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2024.1489222","article-title":"Research trends in nutritional interventions for stroke: a bibliometric analysis and literature review","volume":"11","author":"Xie","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Nutr."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-025-05796-x","article-title":"Association of malnutrition risk evaluated by the geriatric nutritional risk index with post-stroke myocardial injury among older patients with first-ever ischemic stroke","volume":"25","author":"Niu","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.04.018","article-title":"Association between malnutrition and long-term mortality in older adults with ischemic stroke","volume":"40","author":"Yuan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Nutr."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1641711","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2025.1641711","article-title":"The role of serum albumin and albumin-related nutritional indices in predicting post-stroke cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Neurol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnut.2026.1795299\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T04:10:19Z","timestamp":1774843819000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnut.2026.1795299\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]]},"references-count":32,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fnut.2026.1795299"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnut.2026.1795299","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-861X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-861X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]]},"article-number":"1795299"}}