{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T04:47:57Z","timestamp":1782362877243,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782345600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex, multifactorial, systemic disease characterized by the coexistence of metabolic abnormalities and is clinically defined by the presence of at least three important risk factors: excess abdominal fat, a low serum concentration of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high serum triglyceride levels, high blood pressure, and high serum glucose levels. Understanding the role of epigenetics in MetS remains challenging because of the complexity of its multifactorial mechanisms. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the factors associated with MetS and their association with methylation in the\n                      <jats:italic>nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1 (NR3C1)<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This cross-sectional study included 353 volunteers who were patients of the primary care service of the Brazilian Public Health System. Socioeconomic status, lifestyle, and health conditions were assessed, along with anthropometric measurements, blood pressure readings, and the collection of blood samples for biochemical and molecular analyses. The methylation levels of the promoter region (1F) of the\n                      <jats:italic>NR3C1<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene were specifically analyzed via DNA pyrosequencing.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The prevalence of MetS was 40.5% in the present study, and factors associated with MetS in the multivariate Poisson regression were age, excess body fat, serum v\n                      <jats:italic>ery low-density lipoprotein<\/jats:italic>\n                      (VLDL) cholesterol levels, and methylation at C\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      Gs 40 and 46 of the\n                      <jats:italic>NR3C1<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In summary, these findings demonstrate a site-specific association between NR3C1 DNA methylation and MetS and highlight a molecular profile that coexists with established clinical risk factors. These results suggest a potential epigenetic role of the NR3C1 gene in MetS, contributing to a better understanding of its etiology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2026.1805979","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T04:21:38Z","timestamp":1782361298000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["NR3C1 gene methylation and its association with metabolic syndrome in adults"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Amanda Sgrancio","family":"Olinda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology\/Renorbio Graduate Program, Federal University of Espirito Santo","place":["Vitoria, Esp\u00edrito Santo, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aline Ribeiro","family":"Bor\u00e7oi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology\/Renorbio Graduate Program, Federal 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Risse","family":"Quaioto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology\/Renorbio Graduate Program, Federal University of Espirito Santo","place":["Vitoria, Esp\u00edrito Santo, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcele Lorentz Mattos","family":"de Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology\/Renorbio Graduate Program, Federal University of Espirito Santo","place":["Vitoria, Esp\u00edrito Santo, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos Henrique Pagani","family":"Corr\u00eaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy and Nutrition Department, Federal University of Espirito Santo","place":["Alegre, Espirito Santo, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuela Schade","family":"da Mota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduation School, Federal University of Espirito Santo","place":["Vitoria, Espirito 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Federal University of Espirito Santo","place":["Vitoria, Esp\u00edrito Santo, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joaquim Gasparini","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o M\u00e9dica (LIM) 31, Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","place":["S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruna Pereira","family":"Sorroche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital","place":["S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lidia Maria Batista Rebolho","family":"Arantes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital","place":["S\u00e3o Paulo, 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