{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T16:00:44Z","timestamp":1790784044381,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The quality of diets in low-income African cities is shaped by more than food availability alone but also reflects household capability, the utility of infrastructure, consumption behaviour, coping mechanisms, and access to diverse sources of food. However, empirical evidence on the determinants of household dietary diversity in secondary African cities remains limited, despite the importance of understanding nutritional adequacy, which is vital for the growth and maintenance of bodily functions and for combating malnutrition, micronutrient deficiencies, and excessive energy intake.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study examined the socio-economic predictors of household-level dietary diversity in Bindura municipal area, Zimbabwe, using a secondary re-analysis of cross-sectional household survey data collected in October 2014 from 200 urban and peri-urban households.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To achieve this objective, dietary diversity was measured using the FAO-developed dietary diversity survey based on a 24-hour recall period, and associations were estimated using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, ANOVA, Spearman\u2019s rank correlation, and ordered logistic regression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Household dietary diversity was negatively correlated with household food insecurity, indicating that households experiencing greater food access constraints tended to consume less diverse diets. The ordered logit model results revealed that access to transport, water and electricity, sources of vegetables, number of meals per day, and household coping mechanisms were significant predictors of higher dietary diversity. In contrast, household asset value showed a weak positive association.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings suggest that dietary diversity in Bindura is shaped primarily by food access conditions, basic infrastructure, and household responses to economic stress rather than by demographic characteristics alone. Therefore, household food and nutrition policy in secondary cities should be integrated with service delivery, household resilience support, and local food-system planning to improve diet quality among vulnerable urban populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2026.1808585","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T15:05:02Z","timestamp":1790780702000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Socio-economic determinants of household dietary diversity in a secondary African City: evidence from a community-based cross-sectional study in Bindura, Zimbabwe"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Onismo","family":"Muzah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"African Centre for Food Security, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal","place":["Pietermaritzburg, South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maxwell","family":"Mudhara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"African Centre for Food Security, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal","place":["Pietermaritzburg, South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","article-title":"Climate change 2022: impacts, adaptation and vulnerability","volume-title":"Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Issue","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"721849","DOI":"10.3389\/fsufs.2022.721849","article-title":"Appreciating the resilience and stability found in heterogeneity: a south African perspective on urban household food security","volume":"6","author":"Nenguda","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Sustain Food Syst"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4337\/9781786431516","volume-title":"Handbook on urban Food Security in the Global south","author":"Crush","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1700872","DOI":"10.3389\/frsc.2025.1700872","article-title":"Urban governance and its role in shaping low-income household food security in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe","volume":"7","author":"Maphosa","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Sustain Cities"},{"key":"ref5","volume-title":"2022 Population and Housing Census. 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