{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T05:11:58Z","timestamp":1778735518330,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778716800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Menopause is an important cardiovascular risk factor in women likely due to marked estrogen decline. Estrogens affect key processes in atherosclerosis, maintaining endothelial integrity by inhibiting endothelial apoptosis and promoting regeneration through endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). Phytoestrogens, such as resveratrol, have therapeutic potential for women\u2019s cardiovascular health. The present study aimed to determine whether resveratrol modulated circulating apoptosis biomarkers and EPCs in postmenopausal women with chronic coronary heart disease (CHD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty postmenopausal women with chronic CHD were allocated to an intervention group receiving 1,000\u202fmg of resveratrol or placebo for 90\u202fdays. Circulating markers of apoptosis (caspases 3 and 9, survivin, cIAP2, XIAP, Bcl-2, cytochrome c, sTNFR2, and S100A12), SIRT1 and 3, cytokines and EPCs were assessed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      At the end of the study, the resveratrol group showed an increase in serum cIAP2 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.018) and Bcl-2 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.043), and a decrease in caspase-9 (\n                      <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f\u22127.152, 95%CI\u202f=\u202f\u221213.554 to \u22120.751) and in circulating CD34+\/KDR+ (\n                      <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f\u22120.200, 95%CI\u202f=\u202f\u22120.304 to \u22120.096). In addition, XIAP levels were lower than placebo group (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.047). No significant differences were observed for sirtuins, cytokines, lipid profile, glucose, and blood pressure.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Resveratrol increased serum Bcl-2 and cIAP2, and also reduced caspase 9 and circulating EPCs in postmenopausal women with chronic CHD, likely unrelated to circulating SIRT1 and SIRT3. The effects of resveratrol treatment in this population group should be assessed with caution, as a reduction in EPCs is associated with impaired endothelial function and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2026.1814668","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T04:32:29Z","timestamp":1778733149000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The effects of resveratrol on endothelial progenitor cells and apoptosis biomarkers in postmenopausal women with chronic coronary heart disease: a randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Gustavo Henrique Ferreira","family":"Gon\u00e7alinho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Disciplina de Cardiologia, Departamento de Cardiopneumologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","place":["S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"]},{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Preven\u00e7\u00e3o e Reabilita\u00e7\u00e3o Cardiovascular, Instituto do Cora\u00e7\u00e3o (InCor), Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","place":["S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ver\u00f4nica","family":"Coelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunologia, Instituto do Cora\u00e7\u00e3o (InCor), Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","place":["S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"]},{"name":"Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Imunologia do Instituto Nacional de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia (III-INCT)","place":["S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandra Maria","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunologia, Instituto do Cora\u00e7\u00e3o (InCor), Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","place":["S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"]},{"name":"Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Imunologia do Instituto Nacional de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia (III-INCT)","place":["S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9lia Maria Cassaro","family":"Strunz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de An\u00e1lises Cl\u00ednicas, Instituto do Cora\u00e7\u00e3o (InCor), Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","place":["S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Kalil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunologia, Instituto do Cora\u00e7\u00e3o (InCor), Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","place":["S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"]},{"name":"Disciplina de Imunologia Cl\u00ednica e Alergologia, Departamento de Cl\u00ednica M\u00e9dica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","place":["S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio de Padua","family":"Mansur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Disciplina de Cardiologia, Departamento de Cardiopneumologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","place":["S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"]},{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Preven\u00e7\u00e3o e Reabilita\u00e7\u00e3o Cardiovascular, Instituto do Cora\u00e7\u00e3o (InCor), Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","place":["S\u00e3o Paulo, 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