{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T22:51:37Z","timestamp":1787784697359,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778716800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is an inflammatory-metabolic condition characterized by the coexistence of excess adiposity and impaired skeletal muscle mass and function. Vitamin D and resveratrol modulate regulatory pathways implicated in SO pathophysiology, including NF-\u03baB signaling, PGC-1\u03b1, mitochondrial regulation, and redox balance. Whether this mechanistic rationale has translated into phenotype-defined randomized clinical trials remains unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a systematic dual-track search across PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating isolated vitamin D or resveratrol supplementation in adults with explicitly defined sarcopenic obesity or meeting implicit SO phenotype criteria, defined as the concurrent presence of adiposity and objective muscle impairment at baseline. Trials lacking confirmation of both components at enrollment were excluded. Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane RoB 2.0.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The search retrieved five records (PubMed\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f5; Scopus\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0; Web of Science\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0). Following full-text assessment, none met eligibility criteria requiring baseline confirmation of both adiposity and sarcopenia together with isolated vitamin D or resveratrol supplementation (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0). Retrieved RCTs in related populations did not simultaneously require adiposity and muscle impairment as enrollment criteria. As a result, no phenotype-defined interventional evidence specific to sarcopenic obesity was identified.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite compelling mechanistic convergence, randomized interventional evidence in strictly defined sarcopenic obesity populations is currently lacking. Future RCTs must adopt phenotype-defined enrollment strategies integrating adiposity, muscle dysfunction, and mechanistic endpoints to determine whether micronutrient signaling can meaningfully modify outcomes in SO.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Systematic review registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link>https:\/\/www.crd.york.ac.uk\/PROSPERO\/view\/CRD420261307248<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      , identifier PROSPERO (CRD420261307248).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2026.1818450","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T05:34:04Z","timestamp":1778736844000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Vitamin D and resveratrol in sarcopenic obesity: a systematic review highlighting the gap in phenotype-defined randomized controlled trials"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Cristina","family":"Russo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Catania","place":["Catania, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Stella","family":"Valle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neuro-Biomechanics, Section of Physiology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania","place":["Catania, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Surdo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Italian Center for the Study of Osteopathy (CSDOI)","place":["Catania, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Tuttobene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ARNAS Garibaldi Hospital","place":["Catania, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Teresa","family":"Cambria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Catania","place":["Catania, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucia","family":"Malaguarnera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Catania","place":["Catania, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.11.014","article-title":"Definition and diagnostic criteria for sarcopenic obesity: ESPEN and EASO consensus statement","volume":"41","author":"Donini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afy169","article-title":"Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis","volume":"48","author":"Cruz-Jentoft","year":"2019","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glu010","article-title":"The FNIH sarcopenia project: rationale, study description, conference recommendations, and final estimates","volume":"69","author":"Studenski","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med 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