{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T06:13:16Z","timestamp":1778825596871,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778803200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cardiometabolic disorders, encompassing atherosclerosis, myocardial ischemia, and myocardial infarction, persist as predominant contributors to morbidity and mortality on a global scale. An expanding corpus of research delineates redox imbalance, ferroptosis, compromised mitophagy, and mitochondrial metabolic dysfunction as pivotal determinants of cardiovascular pathophysiology. The paradigm of nutritional redox reprogramming has emerged as a potentially effective approach to modulate these interrelated pathways through the utilization of bioactive dietary compounds. This review emphasizes three novel nutraceutical modulators such as alpha-lipoic acid (ALA), urolithin A (UA), ergothioneine (EGT), and their respective functions in the regulation of ferroptosis, mitochondrial quality control, and cardiac bioenergetics. ALA exhibits multifaceted cardioprotective properties by diminishing oxidative stress, inhibiting lipid peroxidation, enhancing endothelial function, and restoring mitochondrial metabolism in the contexts of atherosclerosis and ischemic injury. UA, a metabolite derived from gut microbiota, primarily promotes mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis, thereby augmenting metabolic flexibility and enhancing resistance to ischemic stress. EGT, a thiol antioxidant derived from dietary sources and transported through the OCTN1 transporter, exhibits nascent potential in mitigating oxidative stress and maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis, although the mechanistic insights remain sparse. Collectively, these compounds signify promising candidates for the targeted modulation of redox status in cardiometabolic pathologies. Elucidating their common and unique molecular mechanisms may enhance the formulation of precision nutritional interventions aimed at preventing and mitigating the progression of cardiovascular diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2026.1819082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T05:44:30Z","timestamp":1778823870000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nutritional redox reprogramming in cardiometabolic diseases: alpha-lipoic acid, urolithin A, and ergothioneine as modulators of the ferroptosis\u2013mitophagy axis and mitochondrial metabolic remodeling"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Wanzhou","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Changsha, Hunan, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weixiong","family":"Jian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Changsha, Hunan, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcaf022","article-title":"Global burden of cardiovascular diseases and its risk factors, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2021","volume":"118","author":"Tan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Q J Med"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1161\/01.res.0000258450.44413.96","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction in atherosclerosis","volume":"100","author":"Madamanchi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20081386","article-title":"How mitochondria produce reactive oxygen species","volume":"417","author":"Murphy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.303554","article-title":"The mitochondrial dynamism-mitophagy-cell death interactome: multiple roles performed by members of a mitochondrial molecular ensemble","volume":"116","author":"Dorn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.03.042","article-title":"Ferroptosis: an iron-dependent form of nonapoptotic cell death","volume":"149","author":"Dixon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2672","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1821022116","article-title":"Ferroptosis as a target for protection against cardiomyopathy","volume":"116","author":"Fang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2012.04272.x","article-title":"The antioxidant paradox: less paradoxical now?","volume":"75","author":"Halliwell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2009.07.026","article-title":"Alpha-lipoic acid as a dietary supplement: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential","volume":"1790","author":"Shay","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4132","article-title":"Urolithin A induces mitophagy and prolongs lifespan in C. elegans and increases muscle function in rodents","volume":"22","author":"Ryu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2011.09.017","article-title":"Ergothioneine; antioxidant potential, physiological function and role in disease","volume":"1822","author":"Cheah","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1853","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-022-03598-w","article-title":"\u03b1-Lipoic acid, an organosulfur biomolecule a novel therapeutic agent for neurodegenerative disorders: an mechanistic perspective","volume":"47","author":"Khan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7522","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.TM117.000259","article-title":"Lipoic acid metabolism and mitochondrial redox regulation","volume":"293","author":"Solmonson","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1201\/9781420045390","volume-title":"Lipoic acid: Energy Production, Antioxidant Activity and Health Effects","author":"Patel","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9186","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23169186","article-title":"Redox active \u03b1-lipoic acid differentially improves mitochondrial dysfunction in a cellular model of Alzheimer and its control cells","volume":"23","author":"Dieter","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1097\/FJC.0b013e3181be7554","article-title":"Antioxidant properties of an endogenous thiol: alpha-lipoic acid, useful in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases","volume":"54","author":"Ghibu","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5571","DOI":"10.1021\/jf050384i","article-title":"Identification of urolithin a as a metabolite produced by human colon microflora from ellagic acid and related compounds","volume":"53","author":"Cerd\u00e1","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13063","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222313063","article-title":"Natural dibenzo-\u03b1-pyrones: friends or foes?","volume":"22","author":"Aichinger","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines13071553","article-title":"Urolithin A in central nervous system disorders: therapeutic applications and challenges","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomedicine"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.64898\/2025.12.26.696570","article-title":"Urolithin A restores mitochondrial function and reverses cardiac remodeling in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction","author":"Song","year":"2025","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8333","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22158333","article-title":"Effects of urolithin A on mitochondrial parameters in a cellular model of early Alzheimer disease","volume":"22","author":"Esselun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111814","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.111814","article-title":"Urolithin A provides cardioprotection and mitochondrial quality enhancement preclinically and improves human cardiovascular health biomarkers","volume":"28","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Iscience"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6466","DOI":"10.1021\/jf071328f","article-title":"Dietary sources and antioxidant effects of ergothioneine","volume":"55","author":"Ey","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3357","DOI":"10.1002\/1873-3468.13123","article-title":"Ergothioneine\u2013a diet-derived antioxidant with therapeutic potential","volume":"592","author":"Halliwell","year":"2018","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954422419000301","article-title":"The biology of ergothioneine, an antioxidant nutraceutical","volume":"33","author":"Borodina","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutr Res Rev"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101868","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2021.101868","article-title":"Ergothioneine, recent developments","volume":"42","author":"Cheah","year":"2021","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2019-315485","article-title":"Ergothioneine is associated with reduced mortality and decreased risk of cardiovascular disease","volume":"106","author":"Smith","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"850813","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.850813","article-title":"Ergothioneine as a natural antioxidant against oxidative stress-related diseases","volume":"13","author":"Fu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0142-5463.2005.00265","article-title":"L-Ergothioneine scavenges superoxide and singlet oxygen and suppresses TNF-\u03b1 and MMP-1 expression in UV-irradiated human dermal fibroblasts","volume":"27","author":"Obayashi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Cosmet Sci"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1097\/FJC.0000000000000464","article-title":"Ergothioneine antioxidant function: from chemistry to cardiovascular therapeutic potential","volume":"69","author":"Servillo","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5860356","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/5860356","article-title":"Effects of REDOX in regulating and treatment of metabolic and inflammatory cardiovascular diseases","volume":"2020","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oxidative Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox14030256","article-title":"Endothelial dysfunction: redox imbalance, NLRP3 inflammasome, and inflammatory responses in cardiovascular diseases","volume":"14","author":"Penna","year":"2025","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.3390\/genes17020225","article-title":"Redox imbalance and genetic mutations in heart failure: synergistic mechanisms and therapeutic strategies","volume":"17","author":"Balakrishnan","year":"2026","journal-title":"Genes"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1007\/s11883-017-0678-6","article-title":"Oxidative stress in atherosclerosis","volume":"19","author":"Kattoor","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Atheroscler Rep"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.2174\/157016110790887009","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species and antioxidants in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease: does the actual knowledge justify a clinical approach?","volume":"8","author":"De Rosa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Vasc Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.116112","article-title":"The mechanisms of ferroptosis and its role in atherosclerosis","volume":"171","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.09.004","article-title":"Impaired cholesterol and LDL uptake pathways in the development of oncological and cardiovascular diseases","volume":"116","author":"Solanelles Curco","year":"2025","journal-title":"Semin Cancer Biol"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12846","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241612846","article-title":"Cardiomyocyte damage: ferroptosis relation to ischemia-reperfusion injury and future treatment options","volume":"24","author":"Laukaitiene","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-023-03476-6","article-title":"ROS-induced lipid peroxidation modulates cell death outcome: mechanisms behind apoptosis, autophagy, and ferroptosis","volume":"97","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch Toxicol"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox14111278","article-title":"Dysregulated redox signaling and its impact on inflammatory pathways, mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy and cardiovascular diseases","volume":"14","author":"Pervin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1007\/s10565-020-09561-1","article-title":"Mediators of mitophagy that regulate mitochondrial quality control play crucial role in diverse pathophysiology","volume":"37","author":"De","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Biol Toxicol"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789267","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2021.789267","article-title":"Mitochondrial metabolism in myocardial remodeling and mechanical unloading: implications for ischemic heart disease","volume":"8","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.4330\/wjc.v3.i6.186","article-title":"Ischemia\/reperfusion injury and cardioprotective mechanisms: role of mitochondria and reactive oxygen species","volume":"3","author":"Perrelli","year":"2011","journal-title":"World J Cardiol"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26020498","article-title":"Metabolic reprogramming at the edge of redox: connections between metabolic reprogramming and cancer redox state","volume":"26","author":"Serrano","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110594","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2019.110594","article-title":"\u03b1-Lipoic acid in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease","volume":"71","author":"Lai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2261","DOI":"10.1159\/000491537","article-title":"Alpha-lipoic acid protects human aortic endothelial cells against H2O2-induced injury and inhibits atherosclerosis in Ovariectomized low density lipoprotein receptor Knock-out mice","volume":"47","author":"Shen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Physiol Biochem"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3383","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.200400972","article-title":"Analysis of proteome and transcriptome of tumor necrosis factor alpha stimulated vascular smooth muscle cells with or without alpha lipoic acid","volume":"4","author":"Jang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proteomics"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.3164\/jcbn.2008051","article-title":"Lipid lowering effect of antioxidant alpha-lipoic acid in experimental atherosclerosis","volume":"43","author":"Amom","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Biochem Nutr"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6857","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-012-1511-5","article-title":"Alpha-lipoic acid attenuates atherosclerotic lesions and inhibits proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells through targeting of the Ras\/MEK\/ERK signaling pathway","volume":"39","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol Biol Rep"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2238","DOI":"10.2337\/db06-0251","article-title":"Alpha-lipoic acid prevents the increase in atherosclerosis induced by diabetes in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice fed high-fat\/low-cholesterol diet","volume":"55","author":"Yi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.12.003","article-title":"Alpha lipoic acid possess dual antioxidant and lipid lowering properties in atherosclerotic-induced New Zealand white rabbit","volume":"62","author":"Zulkhairi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.725275","article-title":"Dietary alpha-lipoic acid supplementation inhibits atherosclerotic lesion development in apolipoprotein E-deficient and apolipoprotein E\/low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice","volume":"117","author":"Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-511X-11-148","article-title":"Flaxseed oil and \u03b1-lipoic acid combination reduces atherosclerosis risk factors in rats fed a high-fat diet","volume":"11","author":"Xu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48642","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.4c07745","article-title":"Lipoic acid nanoparticles exert effective Antiatherosclerosis effects through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant pathways","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"ref54","first-page":"409","article-title":"Alpha-lipoic acid inhibits TNF-alpha-induced fractalkine expression in rat aortic smooth muscle cells","volume":"29","author":"Park","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab J"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.18585\/inabj.v12i1.906","article-title":"Alpha lipoic acid inhibits expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in type 2 diabetic mellitus rat models","volume":"12","author":"Ismawati","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indones Biomed J"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.35124\/bca.2020.20.1.25","article-title":"Role of alpha lipoic acid effects on diabetic atherosclerosis in male rats: pathological and biochemical assay","volume":"20","author":"BI","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochem Cell Arch"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/19390211.2025.2601020","article-title":"Impact of alpha lipoic acid as an adjuvant therapy on inflammation and fibrosis in type 2 diabetic patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"23","author":"Shama","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Diet Suppl"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e28158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e28158","article-title":"Cardioprotective effect of antioxidant combination therapy: a highlight on MitoQ plus alpha-lipoic acid beneficial impact on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in aged rats","volume":"10","author":"Oskuye","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2022.175295","article-title":"Alpha-lipoic acid impedes myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, myocardial apoptosis, and oxidative stress by regulating HMGB1 expression","volume":"933","author":"Qi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1007\/s40200-022-01034-y","article-title":"Alpha-lipoic acid potentiates the anti-arrhythmic effects of ischemic postconditioning in the setting of cardiac ischemia\/reperfusion injury in diabetic rats","volume":"21","author":"Gholami","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Diabetes Metab Disord"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1773","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-021-06987-6","article-title":"Alpha-lipoic acid preconditioning plus ischemic postconditioning provides additional protection against myocardial reperfusion injury of diabetic rats: modulation of autophagy and mitochondrial function","volume":"49","author":"Mokhtari","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol Biol Rep"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2013.11.001","article-title":"Alpha lipoic acid protects the heart against myocardial post ischemia-reperfusion arrhythmias via KATP channel activation in isolated rat hearts","volume":"66","author":"Dudek","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rep"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2013.10.166","article-title":"Alpha-lipoic acid protects cardiomyocytes against hypoxia\/reoxygenation injury by inhibiting autophagy","volume":"441","author":"Cao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e58371","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0058371","article-title":"\u03b1-Lipoic acid reduces infarct size and preserves cardiac function in rat myocardial ischemia\/reperfusion injury through activation of PI3K\/Akt\/Nrf2 pathway","volume":"8","author":"Deng","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2011.12.042","article-title":"Alpha lipoic acid protects heart against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury through a mechanism involving aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 activation","volume":"678","author":"He","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2750","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2011.07.065","article-title":"Alpha-lipoic acid protects against myocardial ischemia\/reperfusion injury via multiple target effects","volume":"49","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010979404447","article-title":"Schisandrin B modulates the ischemia-reperfusion induced changes in non-enzymatic antioxidant levels in isolated-perfused rat hearts","volume":"220","author":"Ko","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biochem"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R2149","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.2000.279.6.R2149","article-title":"Improved cardiac performance after ischemia in aged rats supplemented with vitamin E and alpha-lipoic acid","volume":"279","author":"Coombes","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-201x.2000.00740.x","article-title":"Effect of combined supplementation with vitamin E and alpha-lipoic acid on myocardial performance during in vivo ischaemia-reperfusion","volume":"169","author":"Coombes","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Physiol Scand"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/0925-4439(95)00052-6","article-title":"Effect of alpha-lipoic acid and dihydrolipoic acid on ischemia\/reperfusion injury of the heart and heart mitochondria","volume":"1271","author":"Sch\u00f6nheit","year":"1995","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11996","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-92328-7","article-title":"\u0391-Lipoic acid alleviate myocardial infarction by suppressing age-independent macrophage senescence","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2024.112402","article-title":"Impact of combined alpha-lipoic acid and mitoquinone supplementation on myocardial infarction in aged rats: heart performance and molecular mechanisms","volume":"189","author":"Nemati","year":"2024","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1139\/cjpp-2023-0044","article-title":"Alpha-lipoic acid enhances ischemic postconditioning-mediated improvement of myocardial infarction and apoptosis in diabetic rats with ischemia\/reperfusion injury","volume":"101","author":"Gholami","year":"2023","journal-title":"Can J Physiol Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2023.110435","article-title":"\u03b1-Lipoic acid alleviates myocardial injury and induces M2b macrophage polarization after myocardial infarction via HMGB1\/NF-kB signaling pathway","volume":"121","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2023.122581","article-title":"Alpha lipoic acid-loaded electrospun fibrous patch films protect heart in acute myocardial infarction mice by inhibiting oxidative stress","volume":"632","author":"Xie","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.25122\/jml-2020-0018","article-title":"Alpha-lipoic acid as a means of influence on systemic inflammation in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with prior myocardial infarction","volume":"13","author":"Altunina","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Med Life"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.4149\/BLL_2018_119","article-title":"The effect of lipoic acid in the prevention of myocardial infarction in diabetic rats","volume":"119","author":"Ozgun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bratisl Lek Listy"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177380","article-title":"Alpha-lipoic acid alleviated intermittent hypoxia-induced myocardial injury in mice by promoting autophagy through Nrf2 signaling pathway","volume":"994","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6759808","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/6759808","article-title":"Therapeutic efficacy of alpha-lipoic acid against acute myocardial infarction and chronic left ventricular remodeling in mice","volume":"2020","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cardiol Res Pract"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113394","article-title":"Urolithin A improves myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by attenuating oxidative stress and ferroptosis through Nrf2 pathway","volume":"143","author":"Su","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s10020-022-00444-1","article-title":"Gut bacterial metabolite Urolithin A inhibits myocardial fibrosis through activation of Nrf2 pathway in vitro and in vivo","volume":"28","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol Med"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2017.03.119","article-title":"Urolithin A alleviates myocardial ischemia\/reperfusion injury via PI3K\/Akt pathway","volume":"486","author":"Tang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e459","DOI":"10.1002\/mco2.459","article-title":"Urolithin A protects severe acute pancreatitis-associated acute cardiac injury by regulating mitochondrial fatty acid oxidative metabolism in cardiomyocytes","volume":"4","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"MedComm"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-017-0561-3","article-title":"In vivo administration of urolithin A and B prevents the occurrence of cardiac dysfunction in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats","volume":"16","author":"Savi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.7370","article-title":"Urolithin A alleviates acute kidney injury induced by renal ischemia reperfusion through the p62-Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway","volume":"36","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phytother Res"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2277","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-024-01317-5","article-title":"Urolithin A promotes atherosclerotic plaque stability by limiting inflammation and hypercholesteremia in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice","volume":"45","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol Sin"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2017.04.020","article-title":"Urolithin A shows anti-atherosclerotic activity via activation of class B scavenger receptor and activation of Nef2 signaling pathway","volume":"70","author":"Cui","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rep"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1933","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201500827","article-title":"Urolithin A attenuates ox-LDL-induced endothelial dysfunction partly by modulating microRNA-27 and ERK\/PPAR-\u03b3 pathway","volume":"60","author":"Han","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol Nutr Food Res"},{"key":"ref89","article-title":"Effects of ergothioneine on endothelial cell and macrophage characteristics, and markers of atherosclerosis risk under high lipid conditions: the University of Western Ontario (Canada)","author":"Lam-Sidun","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175759","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.175759","article-title":"Ergothioneine improves myocardial remodeling and heart function after acute myocardial infarction via S-glutathionylation through the NF-\u0138B dependent Wnt5a-sFlt-1 pathway","volume":"950","author":"Duan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/0925-4439(94)00084-4","article-title":"In vitro administration of ergothioneine failed to protect isolated ischaemic and reperfused rabbit heart","volume":"1270","author":"Cargnoni","year":"1995","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-020-00700-8","article-title":"Alpha lipoic acid antagonizes cytotoxicity of cobalt nanoparticles by inhibiting ferroptosis-like cell death","volume":"18","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Nanobiotechnol"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12020320","article-title":"Protection against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by ergothioneine","volume":"12","author":"Cheah","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-022-00919-1","article-title":"Urolithin A ameliorates obesity-induced metabolic cardiomyopathy in mice via mitophagy activation","volume":"44","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol Sin"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8409329","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/8409329","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction and alpha-lipoic acid: beneficial or harmful in Alzheimer's disease?","volume":"2019","author":"Dos Santos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oxidative Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2024.150269","article-title":"Ergothioneine and mitochondria: an important protective mechanism?","volume":"726","author":"Fong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.3164\/jcbn.11-005FR","article-title":"Lipoic acid: energy metabolism and redox regulation of transcription and cell signaling","volume":"48","author":"Packer","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Biochem Nutr"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2019.03.015","article-title":"Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) supplementation effect on glycemic and inflammatory biomarkers: a systematic review and meta- analysis","volume":"32","author":"Rahimlou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Nutr ESPEN"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3246","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22063246","article-title":"Mushroom-derived medicine? Preclinical studies suggest potential benefits of Ergothioneine for Cardiometabolic health","volume":"22","author":"Lam-Sidun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnut.2026.1819082\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T05:44:31Z","timestamp":1778823871000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnut.2026.1819082\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]]},"references-count":99,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fnut.2026.1819082"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnut.2026.1819082","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-861X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-861X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]]},"article-number":"1819082"}}