{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T06:14:42Z","timestamp":1778220882719,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778198400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Gestational constipation affects up to 40% of pregnant women, yet remains underappreciated as a clinical entity with implications beyond maternal discomfort. This review synthesizes current evidence on the intricate relationships between pregnancy-associated constipation, gut microbiota dynamics, and perinatal health outcomes. Pregnancy induces profound remodeling of the maternal gut ecosystem\u2013characterized by reduced alpha diversity, expansion of Actinomycetota and Pseudomonadota, and increased Bifidobacterium\u2013driven by hormonal, immunological, and dietary factors. When perturbed, these physiological shifts transition to dysbiosis, impairing colonic function through deficient short-chain fatty acid production, disrupted serotonergic signaling, and compromised intestinal barrier integrity. Dietary fiber intervention, critically dependent on physicochemical properties (solubility, fermentability), restores microbial equilibrium, alleviates constipation, and exerts systemic anti-inflammatory effects. Probiotic and synbiotic strategies offer strain-specific benefits extending to gestational diabetes mitigation and improved mental wellbeing. Translational evidence from swine models demonstrates that microbiota-targeted interventions during late gestation enhance reproductive performance, colostrum quality, and offspring health\u2014effects mediated through vertical transmission and metabolic programming. Epidemiological studies link maternal constipation to increased risks of offspring atopic dermatitis (1.26-fold) and allergic rhinitis (1.20-fold), while low fiber intake associates with neurodevelopmental delays. Moving beyond one-size-fits-all approaches, future prenatal care must integrate personalized, microbiota-targeted strategies based on predictive microbial biomarkers, optimizing both maternal wellbeing and long-term child health across two generations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2026.1819825","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T05:50:45Z","timestamp":1778219445000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Gestational constipation and the gut microbiota: mechanisms, interventions, and implications for maternal and offspring health"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Linyan","family":"Cai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Wenling Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital","place":["Wenling, Zhejiang, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinxiao","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Wenling Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital","place":["Wenling, Zhejiang, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Wenling Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital","place":["Wenling, Zhejiang, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yingying","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Wenling Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital","place":["Wenling, Zhejiang, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Delivery Room, Wenling Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital","place":["Wenling, Zhejiang, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiajia","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Wenling Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital","place":["Wenling, Zhejiang, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luyi","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Delivery Room, Wenling Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital","place":["Wenling, Zhejiang, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enfu","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology and NICU, Wenling Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital","place":["Wenling, Zhejiang, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2501186","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2025.2501186","article-title":"Europe perspective review: site-specific microbiota changes during pregnancy associated with biological consequences and clinical outcomes: opportunities for probiotic interventions","volume":"17","author":"Flores","year":"2025","journal-title":"Gut Microbes."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12020463","article-title":"Microbiome changes in pregnancy disorders","volume":"12","author":"Giannella","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antioxid."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1097\/FM9.0000000000000091","article-title":"The gut microbiome during pregnancy","volume":"5","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Matern Fetal Med."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.16559","article-title":"Pregnancy, puerperium and perinatal constipation - an observational hybrid survey on pregnant and postpartum women and their age-matched non-pregnant controls","volume":"128","author":"Kuronen","year":"2021","journal-title":"BJOG."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.15586","article-title":"Dietary and plasma carotenoids are positively associated with alpha diversity in the fecal microbiota of pregnant women","volume":"86","author":"Schmidt","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Food Sci."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3295","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13093295","article-title":"Associations between maternal diet, body composition and gut microbial ecology in pregnancy","volume":"13","author":"Ruebel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2217","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11092217","article-title":"The maternal microbiome and gestational diabetes mellitus: cause and effect","volume":"11","author":"Dias","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microorganisms."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.01.007","article-title":"Maternal inflammation and its ramifications on fetal neurodevelopment","volume":"43","author":"Kwon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1093\/gastro\/goab035","article-title":"Role of gut microbiota in functional constipation","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Rep Oxf."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2177","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11092177","article-title":"Revisiting the intestinal microbiome and its role in diarrhea and constipation","volume":"11","author":"Iancu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microorganisms."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12071414","article-title":"Fecal microbiota characteristics in constipation-predominant and mixed-type irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"12","author":"Gryaznova","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microorganisms."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10030459","article-title":"The association between early-life gut microbiota and long-term health and diseases","volume":"10","author":"Sarkar","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Med."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abk2189","article-title":"Immune-microbe interactions early in life: a determinant of health and disease long term","volume":"376","author":"Brodin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1007\/s13668-022-00416-1","article-title":"Pregnancy as a fundamental determinant of child health: a review","volume":"11","author":"Tette","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Nutr Rep."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.3390\/life12030424","article-title":"The maternal-fetal gut microbiota axis: physiological changes, dietary influence, and modulation possibilities","volume":"12","author":"Miko","year":"2022","journal-title":"Life."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1007\/s13668-023-00453-4","article-title":"Diet gut microbiota axis in pregnancy: a systematic review of recent evidence","volume":"12","author":"Kunasegaran","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Nutr Rep."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2022-328970","article-title":"Microbial transmission, colonisation and succession: from pregnancy to infancy","volume":"72","author":"Xiao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gut."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2021.103293","article-title":"Oral microbiome and pregnancy: a bidirectional relationship","volume":"145","author":"Saadaoui","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Reprod Immunol."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0151221","DOI":"10.1128\/msystems.01512-21","article-title":"Convergent and divergent age patterning of gut microbiota diversity in humans and nonhuman primates","volume":"7","author":"Sang","year":"2022","journal-title":"mSystems."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1203669","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1203669","article-title":"Maternal dietary fiber intake during pregnancy and child development: the Japan environment and children's study","volume":"10","author":"Miyake","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Nutr."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/books978-3-7258-1523-4","article-title":"Dysbiosis of the evolved intestinal Microbiome","author":"Smith","year":"2025"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2018.09.008","article-title":"The human microbiome and child growth - first 1,000 days and beyond","volume":"27","author":"Robertson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13746","article-title":"Validity and reliability of the bristol stool form scale in healthy adults and patients with diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"44","author":"Blake","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4264","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2024.2390556","article-title":"Journey of dietary fiber along the gastrointestinal tract: role of physical interactions, mucus, and biochemical transformations","volume":"65","author":"Meldrum","year":"2025","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-020-00375-4","article-title":"Dietary fibre in gastrointestinal health and disease","volume":"18","author":"Gill","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-021-02649-2","article-title":"Dietary inflammatory index and its relationship with gut microbiota in individuals with intestinal constipation: a cross-sectional study","volume":"61","author":"Costa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105420","article-title":"The role of short-chain fatty acids in intestinal barrier function, inflammation, oxidative stress, and colonic carcinogenesis","volume":"165","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23031105","article-title":"Gut microbiota and short chain fatty acids: implications in glucose homeostasis","volume":"23","author":"Portincasa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1216445","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1242115","article-title":"The associations between dietary fibers intake and systemic immune and inflammatory biomarkers, a multi-cycle study of NHANES 2015\u20132020","volume":"10","author":"Qi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Nutr."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2099","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13062099","article-title":"Regulation of neurotransmitters by the gut microbiota and effects on cognition in neurological disorders","volume":"13","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15366","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.203095","article-title":"The effects of psyllium husk on gut microbiota composition and function in chronically constipated women of reproductive age using 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis","volume":"13","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aging."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2021.12.016","article-title":"Association between early life laxative exposure and risk of allergic diseases: a nationwide matched cohort study","volume":"128","author":"Lin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17050773","article-title":"The relationship between fiber intake and gut bacterial diversity and composition during the third trimester of pregnancy","volume":"17","author":"Schwartz","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxab430","article-title":"Tree-based analysis of dietary diversity captures associations between fiber intake and gut microbiota composition in a healthy US adult cohort","volume":"152","author":"Kable","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Nutr."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6802","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26226802","article-title":"Soluble dietary fiber, one of the most important nutrients for the gut microbiota","volume":"26","author":"Guan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Molecules."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"skab257","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skab257","article-title":"Inulin and isomalto-oligosaccharide alleviate constipation and improve reproductive performance by modulating motility-related hormones, short-chain fatty acids, and feces microflora in pregnant sows","volume":"99","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Anim Sci."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7446","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.1c00237","article-title":"Comparison of different soluble dietary fibers during the in vitro fermentation process","volume":"69","author":"Bai","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2511","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14122511","article-title":"Consumption of dietary fiber with different physicochemical properties during late pregnancy alters the gut microbiota and relieves constipation in sow model","volume":"14","author":"Lu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.10698","article-title":"Effects of dietary fibers with different physicochemical properties on fermentation kinetics and microbial composition by fecal inoculum from lactating sows in vitro","volume":"101","author":"Pi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Sci Food Agric."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13050879","article-title":"The role of dietary fiber in improving pig welfare","volume":"13","author":"Do","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anim."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2523","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14172523","article-title":"Effect of dietary sugarcane bagasse on reproductive performance, constipation, and gut microbiota of gestational sows","volume":"14","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anim."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-021-00573-3","article-title":"Impact of sugar beet pulp and wheat bran on serum biochemical profile, inflammatory responses and gut microbiota in sows during late gestation and lactation","volume":"12","author":"Shang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Anim Sci Biotechnol."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831703","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.831703","article-title":"Dietary fiber supplementation in gestating sow diet improved fetal growth and placental development and function through serotonin signaling pathway","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"756910","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.756910","article-title":"Inclusion of soluble fiber during gestation regulates gut microbiota, improves bile acid homeostasis, and enhances the reproductive performance of sows","volume":"8","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1139625","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1139625","article-title":"Effects from supplementary feeding of bamboo powder in perinatal period on farrowing process, serum biochemical indexes, and fecal microbes of sows and offspring piglets","volume":"14","author":"Dai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Microbiol."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4696","DOI":"10.1039\/D0FO02407D","article-title":"Retarding effect of dietary fibers from bamboo shoot (Phyllostachys edulis) in hyperlipidemic rats induced by a high-fat diet","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"716723","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2021.716723","article-title":"Dietary inulin regulated gut microbiota and improved neonatal health in a pregnant sow model","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Nutr."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0010122","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.00101-22","article-title":"Association of diet and antimicrobial resistance in healthy US adults","volume":"13","author":"Oliver","year":"2022","journal-title":"mBio."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1163\/18762891-bja00020","article-title":"Probiotics combination effectively improves constipation in pregnancy by modifying the gut microbiota composition","volume":"15","author":"He","year":"2024","journal-title":"Benef Microbes."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-022-02906-5","article-title":"In vitro intervention of Lactobacillus paracasei N1115 can alter fecal microbiota and their SCFAs metabolism of pregnant women with constipation and diarrhea","volume":"79","author":"Dang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Microbiol."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6076","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26196076","article-title":"Probiotics regulate gut microbiota: an effective method to improve immunity","volume":"26","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Molecules."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12010184","article-title":"Probiotics mechanism of action on immune cells and beneficial effects on human health","volume":"12","author":"Mazziotta","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cells."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"578386","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.578386","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of probiotics in gut inflammation: a door to the body","volume":"12","author":"Cristofori","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-023-00434-z","article-title":"Probiotics alleviate constipation and inflammation in late gestating and lactating sows","volume":"9","author":"Ma","year":"2023","journal-title":"NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14204303","article-title":"Probiotics in the prevention and treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM): a review","volume":"14","author":"Kami\u0144ska","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1031915","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.1031915","article-title":"Preventive effect of probiotics supplementation on occurrence of gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"9","author":"Pakmehr","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Med Lausanne."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2021.08.005","article-title":"Probiotics and synbiotics show clinical efficacy in treating gestational diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prim Care Diabetes."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111915","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.111915","article-title":"The effect of probiotic supplementation on the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus among high-risk pregnant women: a parallel double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial","volume":"141","author":"Shahriari","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"04038","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.13.04038","article-title":"Impact of probiotic on anxiety and depression symptoms in pregnant and lactating women and microbiota of infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Halemani","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Glob Health."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.04.006","article-title":"The efficacy of probiotics and\/or n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids intervention on maternal prenatal and postnatal depressive and anxiety symptoms among overweight and obese women","volume":"289","author":"Hulkkonen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Affect Disord."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3051","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-81204-9","article-title":"Besseling-van der VI, Claassen E, de WC. Probiotics as a treatment for prenatal maternal anxiety and depression: a double-blind randomized pilot trial","volume":"11","author":"Browne","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622181","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.622181","article-title":"Effectiveness of probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic supplementation to improve perinatal mental health in mothers: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Desai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6615960","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6615960","article-title":"Effect of oral administration with Lactobacillus plantarum CAM6 strain on sows during gestation-lactation and the derived impact on their progeny performance","volume":"2021","author":"Betancur","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mediat Inflamm."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-7915.13672","article-title":"Bacillus subtilis and Enterococcus faecium co-fermented feed regulates lactating sow's performance, immune status and gut microbiota","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microb Biotechnol."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2023.12.004","article-title":"Lactobacillus amylovorus promotes lactose utilization in small intestine and enhances intestinal barrier function in intrauterine growth restricted piglets","volume":"154","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Nutr."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3305","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14163305","article-title":"effect of a multi-strain probiotic on the incidence and severity of necrotizing enterocolitis and feeding intolerances in preterm neonates","volume":"14","author":"sowden","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2023.06.019","article-title":"Dietary prebiotic oligosaccharides and arachidonate alter the fecal microbiota and mucosal lipid composition of suckling pigs","volume":"153","author":"Eudy","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Nutr."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1159\/000516023","article-title":"Probiotics in gastrointestinal diseases: all that glitters is not gold","volume":"40","author":"Compare","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dig Dis."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.101154","article-title":"Strain-specific and outcome-specific efficacy of probiotics for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"41","author":"McFarland","year":"2021","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1602","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.14153","article-title":"The effect of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 299v together with a low dose of iron on iron status in healthy pregnant women: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"100","author":"Axling","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2298246","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2023.2298246","article-title":"Collinsella aerofaciens as a predictive marker of response to probiotic treatment in non-constipated irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"16","author":"Gargari","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gut Microbes."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15040875","article-title":"Feasibility study of Lactobacillus Plantarum 299v probiotic supplementation in an urban academic facility among diverse pregnant individuals","volume":"15","author":"OjiNjideka","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.3920\/BM2022.0084","article-title":"Safety, tolerability, and acceptability of Lactobacillus crispatus CTV-05 (LACTIN-V) in pregnant women at high-risk of preterm birth","volume":"14","author":"Bayar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Benef Microbes."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1790","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.96326","article-title":"Association of maternal constipation and risk of atopic dermatitis in offspring","volume":"21","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Med Sci."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0292594","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0292594","article-title":"Maternal constipation is associated with allergic rhinitis in the offspring: a nationwide retrospective cohort study","volume":"18","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2021.12.016","article-title":"Association between early life laxative exposure and risk of allergic diseases: a nationwide matched cohort study","volume":"128","author":"Lin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749544","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.749544","article-title":"Pathogenesis of children's allergic diseases: refocusing the role of the gut microbiota","volume":"12","author":"Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Physiol."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"720393","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.720393","article-title":"Gut microbiota, probiotics, and their interactions in prevention and treatment of atopic dermatitis: a review","volume":"12","author":"Fang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2057779","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2022.2057779","article-title":"Maternal consumption of a fermented diet protects offspring against intestinal inflammation by regulating the gut microbiota","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gut Microbes."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9030604","article-title":"Effects of the inclusion of fermented mulberry leaves and branches in the gestational diet on the performance and gut microbiota of sows and their offspring","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microorganisms."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"skac176","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skac176","article-title":"Review: physiology and nutrition of late gestating and transition sows","volume":"100","author":"Theil","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Anim Sci."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/s42523-024-00323-6","article-title":"Improvement of insulin sensitivity by dietary fiber consumption during late pregnant sows is associated with gut microbiota regulation of tryptophan metabolism","volume":"6","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anim Microbiome."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11020415","article-title":"The effect of increasing neutral detergent fiber level through different fiber feed ingredients throughout the gestation of sows","volume":"11","author":"Shi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anim."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1667697","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1667697","article-title":"Dietary fibre supplementation in late gestation modulates gut microbiota and improves reproductive performance and colostrum quality in sows","volume":"16","author":"Cong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Microbiol."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107785","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2025.107785","article-title":"Effect of dietary supplementation of Bacillus subtilis QST 713 on constipation, reproductive performance and offspring growth performance of sows","volume":"274","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Anim Reprod Sci."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1619","DOI":"10.5713\/ab.23.0206","article-title":"Effects of dietary fiber in gestating sow diets - a review","volume":"36","author":"Jo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anim Biosci."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689958","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.689958","article-title":"Utilizing probiotics for the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases","volume":"12","author":"Milner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Microbiol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnut.2026.1819825\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T05:50:48Z","timestamp":1778219448000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnut.2026.1819825\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]]},"references-count":87,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fnut.2026.1819825"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnut.2026.1819825","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-861X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-861X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]]},"article-number":"1819825"}}