{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T12:49:42Z","timestamp":1785761382165,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785715200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a common gastrointestinal disorder characterized by symptoms such as epigastric pain, bloating, and nausea. Current treatments have limited efficacy and significant side effects.\n                      <jats:italic>Elsholtzia rugulosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      , a traditional medicinal plant, is used to treat gastrointestinal disorders, and its polysaccharides (ERP) may offer therapeutic potential for FD.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study aimed to characterize the structural properties of\n                      <jats:italic>Elsholtzia rugulosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      polysaccharides (ERP) and explore their mechanism in treating FD.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Neutral ERP-N and acidic ERP-A were isolated from\n                      <jats:italic>Elsholtzia rugulosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Their structural features were analyzed, and FD rats were treated with ERP. Gastric pathology, gut microbiota, and the PI3K\/Akt\/cGMP-PKG pathway were evaluated. RAW264.7 cells were used to assess ERP\u2019s immunomodulatory effects.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Structural Analysis: ERP-N (13,415 Da) and ERP-A (3,691\u202fDa) exhibited distinct monosaccharide compositions and linkages. Therapeutic Effects: ERP improved FD symptoms, reduced inflammation, regulated gut microbiota, and activated the PI3K\/Akt\/cGMP-PKG pathway in rats. Immunomodulatory Activity: ERP-N promoted the secretion of nitric oxide (NO), TNF-\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and IL-6 in RAW264.7 cells, demonstrating immunomodulatory effects.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      ERP may alleviate FD in association with gut microbiota modulation and changes in the PI3K\/Akt\/cGMP-PKG-related pathway. ERP-N also exhibits immunomodulatory activity, supporting the traditional use of\n                      <jats:italic>Elsholtzia rugulosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      in gastrointestinal health and offering potential for FD therapy development.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2026.1833860","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T12:07:51Z","timestamp":1785758871000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Polysaccharides from Elsholtzia rugulosa: structural characteristics and treating functional dyspepsia via gut microbiome in conjunction with targeting the PI3K\/Akt\/cGMP-PKG pathways"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Run","family":"Ai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Yunzhong Institute of Nutrition and Health, College of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of 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