{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T05:46:10Z","timestamp":1785735970251,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785715200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The gut microbiome is implicated in obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D), but how diet, body composition, glycemic status, and self-efficacy factors relate to the microbiome in high-risk individuals is not well characterized. The purpose of this post-hoc analysis is to examine the relationship between the gut microbiome and obesity-related metabolic factors, including body composition, resting energy expenditure (REE), and glycemic variability (GV).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Data for this\n                      <jats:italic>post-hoc<\/jats:italic>\n                      cross-sectional analysis were obtained from adults with prediabetes and obesity enrolled in The Personal Diet study, a 6-month behavioral weight loss study. Pre-intervention assessments (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f95) included the collection of fecal microbiome profile, demographics, socioeconomic status, physical and metabolic characteristics [fat mass, fat free mass (FFM), continuous glucose monitoring\u2013derived GV, REE], self-efficacy and dietary intake. Gut bacterial alpha diversity, beta diversity, and genus level abundances were associated with these host and lifestyle variables using multivariate regression, permutational multivariate analysis of variance, and correlation analyses.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Participants were a mean age of 58\u202fyears old, mostly female (75.8%), with a mean BMI of 34.6\u202fkg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      and mean HbA1c of 5.7%. Higher FFM was associated with greater alpha diversity, whereas higher BMI was associated with lower diversity (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05). Dietary factors were the most consistent correlates of gut microbial beta diversity. At the genus level, associations were observed for sex, metformin use, BMI, protein intake, and REE. The\n                      <jats:italic>Prevotella\/Bacteroides<\/jats:italic>\n                      ratio was positively associated with total energy, sugar, and carbohydrate intake (g\/day) and negatively associated with monounsaturated fat intake (g\/day). Glycemic measures and self-efficacy were not associated with any genera.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In adults with prediabetes and obesity, the gut microbiome at baseline was most strongly associated with diet, with additional associations observed for body composition and selected host characteristics. These findings underscore diet as a key correlate of gut microbiome structure in a high-risk metabolic population and support further development of microbiome-informed precision nutrition strategies for obesity prevention and management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2026.1851439","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T05:31:39Z","timestamp":1785735099000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Associations between the gut microbiome and diet, body composition, and glycemic profiles: a cross-sectional post-hoc analysis of the Personal Diet Study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Chan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health, New York University Langone Health","place":["New York, NY, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren","family":"Berube","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Public Health Nutrition Program, NYU School of Global Public Health","place":["New York, NY, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"Curran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health, Center for Healthful Behavior Change, Institute for Excellence in Health Equity, New York University Langone Health","place":["New York, NY, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary Lou","family":"Pompeii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health, Center for Healthful Behavior Change, Institute for Excellence in Health Equity, New York University Langone Health","place":["New York, NY, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health, Center for Healthful Behavior Change, Institute for Excellence in Health Equity, New York University Langone Health","place":["New York, NY, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Souptik","family":"Barua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Health","place":["New York, NY, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huilin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health, New York University Langone Health","place":["New York, NY, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David E.","family":"St-Jules","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, University of Nevada, Reno","place":["Reno, NV, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoinette","family":"Schoenthaler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health, Center for Healthful Behavior Change, Institute for Excellence in Health Equity, New York University Langone Health","place":["New York, NY, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eran","family":"Segal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science","place":["Rehovot, Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Bergman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health, Center for Healthful Behavior Change, Institute for Excellence in Health Equity, New York University Langone Health","place":["New York, NY, United States"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Holman Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, New York University Langone Health","place":["New York, NY, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Collin J.","family":"Popp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health, Center for Healthful Behavior Change, Institute for Excellence in Health Equity, New York University Langone Health","place":["New York, NY, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5223","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-025-10855-1","article-title":"Gut microbiome in obesity: a narrative review of mechanisms, interventions, and future 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