{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T04:46:03Z","timestamp":1785732363312,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785715200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Childhood overweight and obesity are pressing global health challenges with rising prevalence in China. Shandong Province, as a populous and economically developed region, provides a critical context for understanding regional patterns and determinants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 83,436 children aged 9\u201312\u202fyears from 155 schools in 16 cities (September\u2013November 2025). Anthropometric measurements and validated questionnaires were used to assess weight status, demographics, family environment, and lifestyle factors. Overweight\/obesity was classified using International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) cut-offs. Logistic regression identified associated risk and protective factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The prevalence of overweight\/obesity was 19.0%. Rates were higher in boys than girls (19.9% vs. 18.2%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.001) and increased with age (11-year-olds 20.4% vs. 9-year-olds 18.0%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.001). Urban children had slightly higher prevalence than rural peers (19.6% vs. 18.7%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.002). Factors independently associated with overweight\/obesity included parental overweight\/obesity (OR\u202f=\u202f1.18, 95% CI: 1.10\u20131.26), maternal gestational diabetes (OR\u202f=\u202f1.53, 95% CI: 1.36\u20131.71), and high birth weight (OR\u202f=\u202f1.16, 95% CI: 1.09\u20131.24). Lifestyle behaviors were strongly associated: &amp;lt;1\u202fh\/day physical activity increased risk, while &amp;gt;1.5\u202fh\/day was protective (OR\u202f=\u202f0.83, 95% CI: 0.79\u20130.87); &amp;gt;8\u202fh sleep reduced risk (OR\u202f=\u202f0.66, 95% CI: 0.60\u20130.72); &amp;gt;3\u202fh\/day screen time (OR\u202f=\u202f1.10, 95% CI: 1.02\u20131.20) and &amp;gt;3\u202fh\/day homework (OR\u202f=\u202f1.49, 95% CI: 1.38\u20131.62) elevated risk; frequent fruit\/vegetable intake was protective, whereas fast-food consumption &amp;gt;3 times\/week increased risk (OR\u202f=\u202f1.12, 95% CI: 1.05\u20131.20).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Childhood overweight\/obesity in Shandong Province is influenced by demographic, familial, and lifestyle factors. Findings highlight the importance of multilevel interventions\u2014targeting family health behaviors, maternal metabolic management, school-based physical activity promotion, and community nutrition policies\u2014to curb the rising burden of obesity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2026.1853192","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T04:26:04Z","timestamp":1785731164000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nutritional and behavioral determinants of overweight and obesity among school-aged children in Shandong Province, China: evidence from a large-scale cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Wance","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The School of Physical Education and Health, East China Jiaotong University","place":["Nanchang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)","place":["Jinan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bowen","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The School of Physical Education and Health, East China Jiaotong University","place":["Nanchang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangwei","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jafron Biomedical Co., Ltd.","place":["Jinan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qianqian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong University of Art and Design","place":["Jinan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ke","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The School of Physical Education and Health, East China Jiaotong University","place":["Nanchang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renkai","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The School of Physical Education and Health, East China Jiaotong University","place":["Nanchang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"Obesity and Overweight","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(23)02750-2","article-title":"Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and 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