{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T05:08:43Z","timestamp":1789016923455,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To identify lifestyle and dietary factors associated with obesity in children during the first 6 years of life.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children aged 0\u20136 years were recruited from 12 Children\u2019s Health Care Centers in Jiangsu, China, by a multistage stratified cluster random-sampling method. Diet, sleep, supplementation and outdoor activity were collected by questionnaire\/interview. Obesity was defined as Body mass index Z-score &amp;gt;2 (World Health Organization standards). Logistic regression was used to examine the associations between lifestyle\/dietary factors and obesity, adjusting for sex, age, delivery mode, birth weight, region, and season, with additional stratified and restricted cubic spline dose-response analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A survey of 5,243 children were enrolled in the present study. Prevalence varied by characteristics: sleep &amp;lt;10 h (8.5%), &amp;gt;14 h (9.9%), outdoor activity &amp;lt;1 h (10.7%), complementary feeding before 4 months (9.8%), daily calcium \u2265300 mg (10.4%), preference for meat (10.0%), fish\/shrimp \u2265 2 times\/week (7.1%), daily milk \u2265600 mL (6.3%), daily meat &amp;gt;150 g (11.2%), and daily egg &amp;gt;60 g (11.1%). Adjusted analyses identified higher obesity odds for sleep &amp;lt;10 h [odds ratio (OR) 1.327, 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI) 1.024\u20131.719] or &amp;gt;14 h (2.503, 1.640\u20133.820), outdoor activity &amp;lt;1 h (2.018, 1.465\u20132.779), vitamin D supplementation &amp;lt;15 days (1.686, 1.063\u20132.673), complementary feeding &amp;lt;4 months (1.665, 1.114\u20132.487), preference for meat (1.369, 1.049\u20131.859), fish\/shrimp \u2265 2 times\/week (1.354, 1.026-1.788), daily meat &amp;gt;150 g (2.060, 1.207-3.514), daily egg &amp;gt;60 g (2.937, 1.075\u20138.024), and daily milk \u2265600 mL (1.830, 1.083\u20133.094 vs. \u2264100 mL). A vegetarian preference was inversely associated with obesity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There was a non-linear association between obesity and sleep duration. Lack of outdoor activity was an independent associated factor for obesity. In nominal analyses, excessive intake of milk, fish\/shrimp, meat, and eggs was associated with higher odds of obesity in children during the first 6 years of life, whereas an inverse association was observed, with obesity risk decreasing among individuals who preferred vegetarian foods. After false discovery rate correction, sleep duration &amp;gt;14 h, outdoor activity &amp;lt;1 h\/day, preference for vegetarian foods, and meat intake &amp;gt;150 g\/day remained statistically significant.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2026.1854091","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T04:30:05Z","timestamp":1789014605000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The impact of dietary and lifestyle factors on obesity among chinese children during the first 6 years of life: a 2014-2015 multi-centre study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Yan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi","place":["Jiangsu, China"]},{"name":"Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University","place":["Wuxi, China"]},{"name":"Department of 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China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lihua","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Nutrition, Lianshui People\u2019s Hospital of Kangda College Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Huai\u2019an","place":["Jiangsu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Women and Children Health Hospital, Women and Child Branch Hospital of Jiangsu Province Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing","place":["Jiangsu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi","place":["Jiangsu, China"]},{"name":"Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University","place":["Wuxi, China"]},{"name":"Institute of Future Food 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