{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T05:15:25Z","timestamp":1788498925318,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Probiotics and psychobiotics are increasingly investigated as microbiome-gut-brain axis (MGBA)-targeted strategies for managing depression, anxiety, and stress-related symptoms, but human evidence remains fragmented across intervention types and biomarker domains. We conducted a scoping review of human intervention studies to map MGBA-targeted psychobiotic, nutritional, dietary, and behavioral interventions, with a specific focus on symptom-biomarker bridging evidence. Searches of major biomedical and multidisciplinary databases combined key terms for the microbiome\/gut-brain axis, depression\/anxiety\/stress, probiotics\/psychobiotics, dietary or behavioral interventions, and biomarker domains. The search yielded 1,390 records; 72 full-text reports were assessed; 32 original reports were retained after report-level adjudication; and, after study-family consolidation, 30 independent human studies were included in the study-level synthesis. Studies were classified as direct bridge, parallel evidence, or no bridge according to whether biomarker changes were statistically linked to emotional outcomes. Most included studies focused on probiotic or psychobiotic interventions, with fewer studies examining prebiotics, synbiotics, short-chain fatty acid approaches, dietary interventions, or mind-body\/behavioral strategies. Across the 30 studies, 9 were classified as direct bridge, 18 as parallel evidence, and 3 as no bridge. The most frequently examined biomarker domains were gut microbiota, microbial metabolites, and inflammation\/immune markers, with common specific readouts including BDNF, 5-HT\/serotonin-related markers, IL-6, TNF-\u03b1\/CRP, cortisol\/CAR, and SCFA\/metabolite measures. Overall, MGBA-related nutritional and psychobiotic interventions may contribute to mood-symptom management by modulating microbial, metabolic, immune, neuroendocrine, and neurotrophic pathways, but robust symptom-biomarker bridging evidence remains limited. Future trials should predefine bridge hypotheses, standardize core biomarker domains and sampling time points, and clearly distinguish primary trial reports from linked secondary publications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2026.1856471","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T04:24:32Z","timestamp":1788495872000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Psychobiotic, nutritional, and behavioral interventions targeting the microbiome-gut-brain axis in depression, anxiety, and stress: a scoping review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Qiuhua","family":"Dai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Dai and Yi Medicines, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Kunming, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Haikou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Haikou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yajun","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Dai and Yi Medicines, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Kunming, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haoran","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Dai and Yi Medicines, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Kunming, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongyu","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Dai and Yi Medicines, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Kunming, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1877","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00018.2018","article-title":"The microbiota-gut-brain axis","volume":"99","author":"Cryan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-020-00460-0","article-title":"The gut microbiota-brain axis in behaviour and brain disorders","volume":"19","author":"Morais","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-019-0157-3","article-title":"The role of short-chain fatty acids in microbiota-gut-brain communication","volume":"16","author":"Dalile","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2013.05.001","article-title":"Psychobiotics: a novel class of psychotropic","volume":"74","author":"Dinan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1163\/18762891-bja00053","article-title":"Deciphering the role of probiotics in mental health: a systematic literature review of psychobiotics","volume":"16","author":"Hussain","year":"2024","journal-title":"Benef Microbes"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-0850","article-title":"PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR): checklist and explanation","volume":"169","author":"Tricco","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-018-0611-x","article-title":"Systematic review or scoping review? 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