{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T04:43:06Z","timestamp":1787805786009,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783382400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Repeated heating of vegetable oils leads to the generation of toxic oxidation products, which activate systemic oxidative stress and cause multi-organ injuries. This study examined the hepatorenal synergistic protection of Curcumin Nano-Emulsion (CNE) and virgin coconut oil (VCO) against the toxicity of thermally stressed sunflower oil (HSO) and explored the underlying antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      CNE was characterized by nanoscale particle size, high encapsulation efficiency, and excellent stability. HSO was supplemented with VCO (20% w\/w) and CNE (200 ppm) to evaluate improvements in oxidative stability\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      by measuring peroxide value, p-anisidine value, total polar compounds, and toxic aldehydes. For the in vivo study, sixty-four male Wistar rats were fed different oil-based diets for two months. Biochemical parameters, oxidative stress markers, inflammatory indices, and histopathological changes in liver and kidney tissues were assessed. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to evaluate NF-\u03baB and Nrf2 signaling pathways.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Supplementation of HSO with VCO and CNE significantly improved oxidative stability compared with individual treatments and TBHQ, with marked reductions in peroxide value, p-anisidine value, total polar compounds, and toxic aldehydes. HSO induced significant hepatorenal injury, dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, and inflammation in rats. The combined treatment (HSO + VCO + CNE) markedly ameliorated these alterations, nearly restoring biochemical parameters to normal levels and minimizing histopathological damage. A strong downregulation of the NF-\u03baB pathway and activation of the Nrf2 antioxidant pathway were observed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Co-administration of curcumin nano-emulsion and virgin coconut oil effectively enhances the oxidative stability and safety of thermally stressed edible oils. These findings suggest a promising natural strategy to reduce oil-induced toxicity and support safer industrial oil processing approaches aligned with public health protection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2026.1864714","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T05:45:21Z","timestamp":1783403121000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Synergistic protective effects of curcumin nano-emulsion and virgin coconut oil against thermal oxidation of sunflower oil and its hepatorenal toxicity in rats"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Seham E.","family":"Almasoudi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk","place":["Tabuk, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nawal 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