{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T04:55:46Z","timestamp":1790916946879,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vascular dementia (VaD) is a major form of cognitive impairment associated with cerebrovascular injury, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, impaired neurovascular coupling, and progressive disruption of brain homeostasis. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)-related interventions for VaD encompass heterogeneous categories, including herbal formulas, single herbs, natural products, plant-derived bioactive compounds, acupuncture, electroacupuncture, and moxibustion. Within this broad landscape, the herbal and natural-product branch provides an important interface linking TCM research with food\u2013medicine homology, neurological nutrition, and neurovascular protection. This bibliometric study aimed to map the research landscape, knowledge structure, hotspots, and emerging trends of TCM-related interventions for VaD, with particular attention to herbal, natural-product, and neurovascular research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>English-language articles and reviews related to TCM treatment of VaD published from 1997 to 2025 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection. VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and GraphPad Prism were used to analyze annual publication trends, countries\/regions, institutions, authors, journals, co-cited references, and keywords. To address intervention heterogeneity, the findings were interpreted across herbal\/natural-product, acupuncture\/electroacupuncture, moxibustion, and mixed TCM-related categories.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 357 publications were included, comprising 256 original articles and 101 reviews. China ranked first with 281 publications and occupied a central position in the collaboration network. High-frequency keywords included \u201cvascular dementia,\u201d \u201cacupuncture,\u201d \u201ccognitive impairment,\u201d \u201coxidative stress,\u201d \u201capoptosis,\u201d \u201chippocampus,\u201d and \u201cchronic cerebral hypoperfusion.\u201d Two major research branches were identified. Herbal formulas, single herbs, natural products, and active compounds were mainly associated with oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, apoptosis, autophagy, chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, component characterization, and multi-target regulation. In contrast, acupuncture, electroacupuncture, and moxibustion were more closely related to neuromodulation, hippocampal plasticity, cerebral perfusion, and functional recovery. Emerging topics included network pharmacology, expression profiling, inflammasomes, component characterization, and mixed vascular\u2013neurodegenerative mechanisms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The TCM-VaD literature represents a heterogeneous research landscape involving both herbal\/natural-product and non-pharmacological intervention branches. Herbal medicines, natural products, and plant-derived bioactive compounds constitute the branch most directly connected with food\u2013medicine homology, neurological nutrition, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory regulation, and neurovascular protection. However, bibliometric attention should not be interpreted as evidence of validated efficacy, and conclusions concerning phytoactive compounds should not be generalized to acupuncture- or moxibustion-related research. Future studies should strengthen intervention stratification, component standardization, mechanistic validation, and clinical translation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2026.1880039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T04:39:40Z","timestamp":1790915980000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["From empirical efficacy to neurovascular and cerebrovascular systems perspective: a bibliometric and visualized analysis of traditional Chinese medicine for vascular dementia"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Zixiang","family":"Jin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University First Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiuyue","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University First Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaofen","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University First Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miaomiao","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University First Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingwen","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiahui","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking University Third Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenjie","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Nanjing City, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University First Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University First Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuezhi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University First Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18003","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2018.3","article-title":"Vascular cognitive impairment","volume":"4","author":"van der Flier","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2672","DOI":"10.1161\/STR.0b013e3182299496","article-title":"Vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia: a statement for healthcare professionals from the american heart association\/american stroke 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