{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T06:04:57Z","timestamp":1790057097571,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Early postoperative infection (EPI) is common in elderly patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and is associated with poor prognosis. Effective risk prediction tools are urgently needed for early identification. This study aimed to develop and validate an inflammation-, nutrition-, and surgery-based INSEP nomogram model for predicting EPI-related adverse events in this population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 988 elderly HCC patients from two medical centers were retrospectively enrolled and randomly divided into a training dataset (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 692) and an internal validation dataset (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 296), while 381 patients from a third medical center served as an external validation dataset. Restricted cubic spline (RCS), receiver operating characteristic (ROC), least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent predictors of EPI and develop the INSEP nomogram. An online risk calculator was established, and model performance was assessed using ROC, calibration, decision curve, and clinical impact curve analyses.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The INSEP model incorporated five independent predictors: SII \u2265600 (OR 2.73,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.023), CONUT \u2265 3 (OR 7.84,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.001), ECOG 2\u20134 (OR 4.96,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.001), laparoscopic surgery (OR 0.83,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.025), and surgical duration \u2265180 min (OR 7.44,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.001). The model achieved AUCs of 0.870 in the training dataset, 0.803 in internal validation, and 0.798 in external validation, with good calibration and clinical utility. Two representative case demonstrations confirmed the model's accurate risk stratification: a low-risk patient (predicted EPI 3.3%) had no infection, while a high-risk patient (predicted 97.0%) developed pneumonia. Usability testing by three independent hepatobiliary surgeons (6\u201310 years of experience) showed efficient operation (25\u201360 s per case), intuitive interface, and clear output, with no system errors identified.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The INSEP model is a reliable and practical tool for individualized EPI risk assessment in elderly HCC patients undergoing curative hepatectomy, demonstrating good predictive performance, clinical applicability, and user acceptability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2026.1883480","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T05:40:11Z","timestamp":1790055611000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An inflammation-nutrition-surgery-based INSEP model and a web-based clinical decision support system for predicting early postoperative infection in elderly patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: a multicenter retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Guang-Zhao","family":"Shao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University","place":["Changchun, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dian-Dian","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infectious Diseases and Pathogenic Biology\/Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University","place":["Changchun, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei-Xiang","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University","place":["Changchun, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"De-Sheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University","place":["Kaifeng, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quan-Zhi","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Yanshi People's Hospital","place":["Luoyang, Henan, China"]},{"name":"Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University","place":["Zhengzhou, Henan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guo-Tao","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University","place":["Changchun, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao-Tian","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University","place":["Changchun, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shi-Fei","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University","place":["Changchun, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University","place":["Changchun, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Guo","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University","place":["Changchun, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S228","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2024.0824","article-title":"Hepatocellular carcinoma: updates on epidemiology, surveillance, diagnosis and treatment","volume":"31","author":"Hwang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Mol Hepatol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2025.101571","article-title":"Hepatocellular carcinoma: epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment","volume":"7","author":"Mauro","year":"2025","journal-title":"JHEP Rep."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(24)00434-5","article-title":"Precision surgery for hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"10","author":"Magyar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-025-01143-y","article-title":"Improving surgical treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"23","author":"Malik","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106920","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2023.04.019","article-title":"Postoperative infectious complications are associated with diminished overall survival of patients undergoing resection for colorectal liver metastases","volume":"49","author":"Knitter","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Surg Oncol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1002\/jhbp.1220","article-title":"Impact of preoperative muscle mass and quality on surgical outcomes in patients undergoing major hepatectomy for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma","volume":"30","author":"Asai","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-021-10565-2","article-title":"Postoperative infectious complications worsen long-term survival after curative-intent resection for hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"29","author":"Wei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.7018","article-title":"Impact of inflammation and the immune system on hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after hepatectomy","author":"She","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Med."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1291840","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1291840","article-title":"Prognostic and clinicopathological significance of systemic inflammation response index in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-025-04506-6","article-title":"Visit-to-visit variability of inflammation-immunity indices and prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"26","author":"Du","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-025-03874-3","article-title":"Inflammatory and nutritional markers predict response and prognosis of patients with locally advanced gastric cancer receiving neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy","volume":"25","author":"Sun","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2025.108111","article-title":"Diagnostic and prognostic relevance of inflammatory markers in surgically treated thymic epithelial tumors: an international multicenter study","volume":"200","author":"Megyesfalvi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lung Cancer."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2025.07.001","article-title":"Prognostic value of systemic inflammatory markers in predicting neoadjuvant platinum response and platinum resistance in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer: a peritoneal cancer index-based analysis","volume":"199","author":"Bekta\u015f","year":"2025","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e103","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000005380","article-title":"A prospective study using propensity score matching to compare long-term survival outcomes after robotic-assisted, laparoscopic, or open liver resection for patients with BCLC stage 0-A hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"277","author":"Zhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Surg."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-018-6372-0","article-title":"Long-term and short-term surgical outcomes of laparoscopic vs. open liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma: might laparoscopic approach be better in early HCC","volume":"33","author":"Tsai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Surg Endosc."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1097\/JCMA.0000000000000713","volume":"85","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Chin Med Assoc."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717826","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.717826","article-title":"Development of models to predict postoperative complications for hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"11","author":"Bao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Oncol."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109486","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2024.109486","article-title":"Incidence, risk factors, outcomes, and prediction model of surgical site infection after hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma: a multicenter cohort study","volume":"51","author":"Shen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur J Surg Oncol."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.2147\/JHC.S465670","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Hepatocell Carcinoma."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.1467","article-title":"Specialized high-protein oral nutrition supplement improves home nutrient intake of malnourished older adults without decreasing usual food intake","volume":"43","author":"Loman","year":"2019","journal-title":"JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e011861","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2023-011861","article-title":"Lessons learnt from the applying the centers for disease control and prevention (CDC) evaluation framework to the measles incident management system response, USA, 2020\u20132021","volume":"8","author":"Jacenko","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ Glob Health."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocae064","article-title":"McILvenna S, Gonzaga Z, Laing A, deRoode D, et al. The national healthcare safety network's digital quality measures: CDC's automated measures for surveillance of patient safety","volume":"31","author":"Shehab","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000006471","article-title":"Milestones in surgical complication reporting: clavien-dindo classification 20 years and comprehensive complication index 10 years","volume":"280","author":"Abbassi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Surg."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6212","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-14-0442","article-title":"Xu Y, Sun YF, Sun C, Guo W, et al. Systemic immune-inflammation index predicts prognosis of patients after curative resection for hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"20","author":"Hu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1935","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17111935","article-title":"Association between nutritional status and early postoperative infection risk in kidney transplant patients","volume":"17","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez Garc\u00eda","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD008879","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008879.pub3","article-title":"Preoperative nutrition therapy in people undergoing gastrointestinal surgery","volume":"4","author":"Sowerbutts","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-024-05667-x","article-title":"Zhang J, Shi L, Zhang C, Ma Y, et al. Preoperative geriatric nutritional risk index predicts prognosis and postoperative complications in elderly patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"25","author":"Zhao","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s12865-025-00683-x","article-title":"Detecting the preoperative peripheral blood systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) as a tool for early diagnosis and prognosis of gallbladder cancer","volume":"26","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Immunol."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"925690","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.925690","article-title":"Li L, Ma N, Liu M, Huang X, et al. Association between SII and hepatic steatosis and liver fibrosis: a population-based study","volume":"13","author":"Xie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1794","DOI":"10.1109\/JBHI.2021.3121038","article-title":"clinically relevant features for predicting the severity of surgical site infections","volume":"26","author":"Boubekki","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE J Biomed Health Inform."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/s12979-024-00446-z","article-title":"Single-cell landscape of immunological responses in elderly patients with sepsis","volume":"21","author":"He","year":"2024","journal-title":"Immun Ageing."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2025.104635","article-title":"Clinical benefit of immune checkpoint inhibitors in elderly cancer patients: current evidence from immunosenescence pathophysiology to clinical trial results","volume":"208","author":"Ziogas","year":"2025","journal-title":"Crit Rev Oncol Hematol."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102540","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102540","article-title":"Immunosenescence and inflammaging: Mechanisms and role in diseases","volume":"101","author":"Ajoolabady","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000209482","article-title":"Does surgical removal of the thymus have deleterious consequences","author":"Kaminski","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-024-16325-2","article-title":"Chin K, Hato S, Kato K, Baba E, et al. Phase II trial of adjuvant S-1 following neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery in patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: the PIECE trial","volume":"32","author":"Nomura","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100633","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2022.100633","article-title":"Golfieri R, Pech M, Peynircioglu B, Pfammatter T, et al. Factors impacting survival after transarterial radioembolization in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: results from the prospective CIRT study","volume":"5","author":"Kolligs","year":"2023","journal-title":"JHEP Rep."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1215745","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1215745","article-title":"Development and validation of prognostic risk prediction models for hepatocellular carcinoma patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors based on a systematic review and meta-analysis of 47 cohorts","volume":"14","author":"Ma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S400533","article-title":"Liu K, Lv W, Xiao J, Zhang X, et al. Efficacy and prognostic factors of regorafenib in the treatment of BCLC Stage C hepatocellular carcinoma after failure of the first-line therapy","volume":"17","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Drug Des Devel Ther."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.14084","article-title":"Abe T, Yusa K, Nakaya I, Watanabe T, et al. Grip strength complements performance status in assessing general condition in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma treated with atezolizumab and bevacizumab","volume":"54","author":"Endo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hepatol Res."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.10.005","article-title":"Patient-related factors in advanced lung cancer: a review of ECOG-PS, malnutrition, and sarcopenia","volume":"63","author":"Matsuura","year":"2025","journal-title":"Respir Investig."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1007\/s13193-024-01995-x","article-title":"Comparison of modified frailty index, clinical frailty scale, ECOG score, and ASA PS score in predicting postoperative outcomes in cancer surgery: a prospective study","volume":"15","author":"Bhargavan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Indian J Surg Oncol."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3037","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-025-11677-6","article-title":"Laparoscopic versus open pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic or periampullary tumors: a multicenter propensity score-matched comparative study","volume":"39","author":"Fall","year":"2025","journal-title":"Surg Endosc."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-024-11418-1","article-title":"Wang S, Chu Q, Zhang H, Gong W, et al. Comparison of short- and long-term outcomes between laparoscopic and open pancreaticoduodenectomy in overweight patients: a propensity score-matched study","volume":"39","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Surg Endosc."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6430","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-025-12026-3","article-title":"Abatini C, Lodoli C, Di Giorgio A, Attalla El Halabieh M, et al. Short-term outcomes of laparoscopic versus open cytoreductive surgery: a propensity score matching analysis","volume":"39","author":"Aulicino","year":"2025","journal-title":"Surg Endosc."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2023.7985","article-title":"Dimpel R, Blankenstein C, Egert-Schwender S, Strudthoff J, et al. Intraoperative wound irrigation for the prevention of surgical site infection after laparotomy: a randomized clinical trial by CHIR-net","author":"Mueller","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Surg."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjae037","article-title":"Minimally invasive surgery for inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of robotic versus laparoscopic surgical techniques","volume":"18","author":"Zaman","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000005696","article-title":"Operative time is associated with postoperative complications after pulmonary lobectomy","author":"de Angelis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Surg."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2024.06.021","article-title":"Association of operative time and approach on postoperative complications for esophagectomy","volume":"176","author":"Jacobs","year":"2024","journal-title":"Surgery."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7118","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-024-11276-x","article-title":"Is prolonged operative time associated with postoperative complications in liver surgery? An international multicentre cohort study of 5424 patients","volume":"38","author":"Kuemmerli","year":"2024","journal-title":"Surg Endosc."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111947","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2025.111947","article-title":"Cekmecelioglu BT, Li Y, Yang D, Saha AK, et al. Postoperative oxygen saturation and surgical-site infection after major non-cardiac surgery: a retrospective analysis","volume":"106","author":"Rivas","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Clin Anesth."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S448898","article-title":"Correlation between anesthesia methods and adverse short-term postoperative outcomes depending on frailty: a prospective cohort study","volume":"19","author":"Feng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnut.2026.1883480\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T05:40:13Z","timestamp":1790055613000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnut.2026.1883480\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"references-count":51,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fnut.2026.1883480"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnut.2026.1883480","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-861X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-861X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"article-number":"1883480"}}