{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T17:17:44Z","timestamp":1786123064983,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010909","name":"Young Scientists Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010909","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Oxidative stress-induced senescence is a key driver of aging-related diseases, particularly in the liver, yet effective and safe natural interventions remain limited. This study aimed to develop a green extraction method for lotus peel proanthocyanidins (LPPs) and evaluate their antioxidant activity, monomer release during digestion, and anti-aging mechanisms. Among eight natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs), glycerol-betaine (GL-BET, 1:1) was optimal. Using response surface methodology, the optimal extraction conditions were: water content 35%, liquid-to-solid ratio 10\u202fmL\/g, sonication time 22\u202fmin, temperature 36\u202f\u00b0C, yielding 10.97%, which was 5.23-fold higher than 70% ethanol. During simulated digestion, six monomers were identified; proanthocyanidin B2 (PB2) showed the highest content at all stages, proanthocyanidin B3 (PB3) peaked in gastric digestion, and proanthocyanidin B4 (PB4) exhibited the strongest stability (retaining 55.32% after 4\u202fh intestinal digestion). GL-BET, PB3, and PB4 were non-cytotoxic to HepG2 cells at 0\u2013150\u202f\u03bcg\/mL. Pretreatment with 150\u202f\u03bcg\/mL of each compound significantly restored viability in tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-damaged cells, with PB4 showing the highest recovery (88.98%). PB4 reduced senescence-associated\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    -galactosidase (SA-\u03b2-gal)-positive cells from 43.23 to 15.76%, decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), increased superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities. Western blotting confirmed that PB4 upregulated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and NAD (P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), and downregulated Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), indicating modulation of the Nrf2\/Keap1\/antioxidant response element (ARE) pathway. Among the three compounds tested in cellular assays (GL-BET, PB3, and PB4), PB4 exhibited the most potent anti-senescence effects. Thus, ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvent (DES) extraction significantly improves LPPs yield and bioactivity, providing a basis for green extraction and application of LPPs.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2026.1884044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T05:39:35Z","timestamp":1785908375000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Deep eutectic solvent extraction of lotus peel proanthocyanidins and its anti-senescence mechanism in t-BHP induced HepG2 cells"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Yuling","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Food Function and Nutrigenomics, College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University","place":["Changsha, 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Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Visceral Manifestation in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University","place":["Changsha, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Institute of Agricultural Product Processing and Quality Safety, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences","place":["Changsha, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qili","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Institute of Agricultural Product Processing and Quality Safety, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences","place":["Changsha, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenghao","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Visceral 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