{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T05:54:48Z","timestamp":1790747688646,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Key Project of the \u201c14th Five-Year Plan\u201d of Shandong Provincial Education Science","award":["2023ZD027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023ZD027"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to assess the long-term trends in physical fitness and their relationship with nutritional status among children and adolescents in Tibet from 2005 to 2019.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This secondary analysis initially included 9,818 Tibetan children and adolescents aged 7\u201318\u202fyears from four waves of the Chinese National Survey on Students\u2019 Constitution and Health (CNSSCH), conducted in 2005, 2010, 2014, and 2019. After data cleaning, 9,237 participants were retained for the final analysis. Statistical analyses included one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for continuous variables and chi-square tests for categorical variables to compare physical fitness indicators and nutritional status across survey years, supplemented by trend analyses. Fractional polynomial regression was employed to assess the relationship between Physical Fitness Index (PFI) and body mass index Z-score (BMI Z-score). Additionally, generalized additive models (GAMs) were used to assess the associations between PFI and adverse nutritional status (thinness, overweight, and obesity), with results expressed as odds ratios (\n                      <jats:italic>ORs<\/jats:italic>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From 2005 to 2019, the PFI increased by 4.91\u202funits among Tibetan children and adolescents, accompanied by an initial increase followed by a decline in the proportion of thinness, whereas overweight\/obesity increased over the study period. Fractional polynomial regression revealed an inverted U-shaped association between BMI Z-score and PFI, with physical fitness being lower in children and adolescents with thinness or overweight\/obesity than in those with normal weight. Further analyses based on prevalence and ORs showed that, as PFI decreased, the prevalence and odds of thinness increased more sharply than those of overweight\/obesity. Using PFI values of \u22125 and 5 as representative examples, the estimated ORs for thinness at PFI\u202f=\u202f\u22125 ranged from 1.53 to 1.88 across survey years, whereas the corresponding ORs for overweight\/obesity ranged from 1.10 to 1.75; at PFI\u202f=\u202f5, the corresponding ORs declined to 0.16\u20130.43 for thinness and 0.49\u20130.90 for overweight\/obesity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although physical fitness improved among Tibetan children and adolescents over the study period, both thinness and overweight\/obesity were associated with less favorable physical fitness. These findings suggest that maintaining an appropriate weight status may be important for promoting favorable physical fitness development among children and adolescents.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2026.1891556","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T04:56:10Z","timestamp":1790744170000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Secular trends in physical fitness and nutritional status among Tibetan children and adolescents from 2005 to 2019: a secondary analysis of four CNSSCH surveys"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Meng","family":"Yuan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Education, Ludong University","place":["Yantai, Shandong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Education, Ludong University","place":["Yantai, Shandong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bowen","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Education, Ludong University","place":["Yantai, Shandong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenyu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Education, Ludong University","place":["Yantai, Shandong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaotong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Education, Ludong University","place":["Yantai, Shandong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Education, Tibet University for Nationalities","place":["Xianyang, Shaanxi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuangshuang","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xiguan Primary School","place":["Yantai, Shandong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Desheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Education, University of Jinan","place":["Jinan, Shandong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengwen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Education, Ludong University","place":["Yantai, Shandong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Education, Ludong University","place":["Yantai, Shandong, 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