{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T13:15:02Z","timestamp":1791983702362,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Evidence linking flavonoid-rich dietary patterns to the risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) remains limited and inconsistent, and molecular clues to this association remain scarce. This study examined the association between a flavonoid diet score (FDS) and incident hospital-recorded PD and explored related plasma proteomic and cellular expression patterns.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this prospective analysis of 123,655 UK Biobank participants, we used multivariable Cox proportional hazards models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between FDS and incident hospital-recorded PD. In an exploratory analysis, we integrated a plasma proteomic screen with publicly available single-cell and single-nucleus transcriptomic data to provide preliminary molecular and cellular context.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>During follow-up, 796 incident hospital-recorded PD cases were identified. Higher FDS was associated with a lower risk of incident hospital-recorded PD per 1-standard deviation (SD) increase (HR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.86\u20131.00), and the risk was lower in the highest than in the lowest FDS quartile (HR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.61\u20130.93). In decomposition analyses, no individual food source or flavonoid subclass remained associated with incident hospital-recorded PD after multiple-testing correction. The inverse association was directionally consistent across most sensitivity analyses and in 1\u20135-year lag analyses, but the evidence became borderline after adjustment for coffee intake (HR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.86\u20131.00) and was no longer statistically supported in 6\u201310-year lag analyses. In exploratory omics analyses, the proteomic screen prioritized a direction-compatible signature comprising 24 proteins, including proteins related to immune and adhesion processes, while single-cell and single-nucleus transcriptomic data provided peripheral immune and glial-vascular cellular context.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this prospective cohort, higher FDS was modestly associated with a lower incidence of hospital-recorded PD. Residual confounding and reverse causation remain possible, and the proteomic and transcriptomic findings should be considered hypothesis-generating.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2026.1893517","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T04:22:49Z","timestamp":1786335769000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Flavonoid-rich dietary patterns and incident hospital-recorded Parkinson's disease: a prospective UK Biobank study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Wen","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Yunyan","place":["Guiyang, Guizhou, China"]},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Guizhou Medical University, Yunyan","place":["Guiyang, Guizhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhetian","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University","place":["Haikou, Hainan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuchang","place":["Wuhan, Hubei, China"]},{"name":"Research Institute of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuchang","place":["Wuhan, Hubei, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cong","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Nanming","place":["Guiyang, Guizhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University","place":["Haikou, Hainan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-024-01034-x","article-title":"Parkinson disease therapy: current strategies and future research priorities","volume":"20","author":"Stocchi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2284","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00218-X","article-title":"Parkinson's disease","volume":"397","author":"Bloem","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.13948","article-title":"Case-fatality 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