{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T15:29:54Z","timestamp":1786980594295,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fasting reshapes gut microbiota and metabolism, but its time-dependent dual impacts on intestinal barrier remain unclear. This study explored how 12 h and 24 h acute fasting modulate gut microbes, metabolites, epithelial structure and inflammatory resilience in mice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>C57BL\/6 J mice were assigned to ad libitum feeding, 12 h fasting and 24 h fasting groups. We integrated PacBio 16S rRNA sequencing, untargeted LC-MS metabolomics, colon\/cecum histology, Occludin immunofluorescence and CLP sepsis model, with LEfSe, multivariate statistics and correlation analysis for data interpretation. Data are available via MetaboLights with identifier MTBLS15098.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Fasting induced time-dependent microbial and metabolic remodeling:\n                      <jats:italic>Akkermansia muciniphila<\/jats:italic>\n                      peaked at 12 h fasting, while prolonged fasting elevated microbial richness and inflammation-associated taxa. Shared fasting-responsive metabolites altered pathways of immunity and energy metabolism. Both fasting durations reduced crypt depth and Occludin expression, with 24 h fasting triggering worse epithelial damage and higher post-CLP mortality. Correlations linked mucosal-protective microbes to beneficial metabolites and pro-inflammatory taxa to lipid mediators.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Short-term fasting generates favorable microbial-metabolic adaptation yet initiates mild epithelial injury, while 24 h fasting aggravates barrier defects and weakens anti-inflammatory resilience. Beneficial microbiota signatures are decoupled from intact mucosa, indicating fasting duration determines the balance between gut adaptation and epithelial vulnerability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2026.1895190","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T15:10:21Z","timestamp":1786979421000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dual effects of fasting on gut microbiota and metabolism: protective adaptation versus barrier dysfunction risks"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Jifei","family":"Miao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Baoan Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Shenzhen, Guang Dong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiping","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianjie","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medicine and Life Sciences, Hainan Medical University","place":["Haikou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sen","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-021-00466-9","article-title":"Fasting drives the metabolic, molecular and geroprotective effects of a calorie-restricted diet in mice","volume":"3","author":"Pak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Metab"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G847","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00475.2020","article-title":"Recent advances and health implications of dietary fasting regimens on the gut microbiome","volume":"320","author":"Mohr","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-020-00460-0","article-title":"The gut microbiota-brain axis in behaviour and brain disorders","volume":"19","author":"Morais","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev 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