{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T06:06:20Z","timestamp":1784700380481,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":133,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784678400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by dopaminergic neuronal degeneration, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and gut microbiota dysbiosis. Increasing evidence highlights the role of the gut-brain axis (GBA) and probiotic-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in modulating neuroinflammation and disease progression. This study investigated the neuroprotective potential of SCFAs produced by\n                      <jats:italic>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum<\/jats:italic>\n                      C10 in a rotenone-induced PD zebrafish model.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      SCFA-producing lactic acid bacteria were isolated from traditionally fermented cabbage (sauerkraut), and the most promising isolate was identified as\n                      <jats:italic>L. plantarum<\/jats:italic>\n                      C10 using morphological, biochemical, phylogenetic, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing analyses. Fermentation conditions were optimized to maximize SCFA production, and the metabolites were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH and ABTS assays. Developmental toxicity was assessed in zebrafish embryos, followed by therapeutic evaluation in rotenone-induced adult zebrafish through behavioural, biochemical, molecular, and histopathological analyses.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>L. plantarum<\/jats:italic>\n                      C10 exhibited strong probiotic characteristics, including antimicrobial activity, acid and bile tolerance, homofermentative metabolism, and extracellular polysaccharide production. Optimized fermentation significantly enhanced SCFA-associated metabolite production, while FTIR and HPLC confirmed the presence of fermentation-derived organic acid metabolites. The metabolites demonstrated potent antioxidant activity and showed minimal developmental toxicity up to 30 mg\/mL in zebrafish embryos. In the rotenone-induced PD model, C10-derived SCFAs restored antioxidant enzyme activities, reduced oxidative stress, improved locomotor and cognitive performance, modulated genes associated with neuronal function, inflammation, the\n                      <jats:italic>NRF2<\/jats:italic>\n                      signalling pathway, intestinal barrier integrity, and gut microbiota, and preserved normal brain and intestinal histoarchitecture.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      These findings demonstrate that\n                      <jats:italic>L. plantarum<\/jats:italic>\n                      C10-derived SCFA metabolites exert antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects through modulation of the gut-brain axis. This study highlights the potential of probiotic-derived SCFAs as functional food-based therapeutic candidates for managing Parkinson's disease and associated gut dysbiosis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2026.1895370","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T05:52:08Z","timestamp":1784699528000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Neuroprotective role of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum C10-derived SCFAs: a functional food approach targeting gut-brain-axis disruption in rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease in-vivo in adult zebrafish"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Abinash","family":"Ravi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, 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