{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T05:24:38Z","timestamp":1786944278325,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":156,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Food characterization is fundamental to ensuring food quality, safety, authenticity, traceability, and nutritional value in increasingly complex global food systems. Conventional analytical approaches often provide limited information on the molecular complexity of food matrices, necessitating the adoption of advanced, high-throughput technologies. Omics sciences, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, lipidomics, and microbiomics, have emerged as powerful tools for comprehensive food characterization by enabling the large-scale analysis of genes, transcripts, proteins, metabolites, lipids, and microbial communities. The integration of these disciplines within the framework of foodomics has transformed food research from conventional assessments to systems-level investigations of food composition, functionality, and biological effects. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the major omics platforms and their applications in food quality evaluation, authenticity verification, safety monitoring, traceability, and nutritional assessment. Particular emphasis is placed on the role of multi-omics approaches in identifying molecular biomarkers associated with food origin, processing, adulteration, and health-promoting attributes. Advances in analytical technologies, including high-resolution mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and next-generation sequencing, are discussed in the context of foodomics workflows. Furthermore, the integration of chemometrics, machine learning, and artificial intelligence with omics datasets is examined as a means of improving data interpretation, predictive modeling, and real-time decision-making throughout the food supply chain. The review also highlights current challenges related to data integration, standardization, analytical reproducibility, and bioinformatics infrastructure, while outlining emerging opportunities in precision nutrition, digital food systems, and sustainable food production. By synthesizing recent developments across multiple omics disciplines, this review underscores the pivotal role of foodomics and multi-omics strategies in advancing comprehensive food characterization and supporting the development of safer, more authentic, and nutritionally optimized food systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2026.1899127","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T04:35:06Z","timestamp":1786941306000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Food characterization in the omics era: current advances, analytical approaches, and future perspectives"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Muhammad Suhail","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food and Nutritional Sciences, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University","place":["Rawalpindi, Pakistan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wajahat","family":"Azeem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Pathology, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University","place":["Rawalpindi, Pakistan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hafiz Arbab","family":"Sakandar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Medical Sciences","place":["Rawalpindi, Pakistan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darragh","family":"Curran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Limerick","place":["Limerick, Ireland"]},{"name":"Bernal Institute, University of Limerick","place":["Limerick, Ireland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali Asad","family":"Yousaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food and Nutritional Sciences, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University","place":["Rawalpindi, Pakistan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioannis","family":"Zabetakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Limerick","place":["Limerick, Ireland"]},{"name":"Bernal Institute, University of Limerick","place":["Limerick, Ireland"]},{"name":"Health Research Institute (HRI), University of Limerick","place":["Limerick, Ireland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13398","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.13398","article-title":"Revolutionizing food science with mass spectrometry imaging: a comprehensive review of applications and challenges","volume":"23","author":"Shen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4272","DOI":"10.1007\/s11694-024-02492-z","article-title":"Recent advances in the role of mass spectrometry in the analysis of food: a review","volume":"18","author":"Nwachukwu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Food Meas Charact"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.22036\/abcr.2025.550864.2443","article-title":"Advances and applications of chemometrics: the future of data-driven analysis\u2014a review","volume":"13","author":"Shaikh","year":"2026","journal-title":"Anal Bioanal Chem Res"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6003","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2024.2435597","article-title":"Emerging perspectives on analytical techniques and machine learning for food metabolomics in the era of industry 4.0: a systematic review","volume":"65","author":"Taheri","year":"2025","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4405","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26094405","article-title":"Recent trends in food quality and authentication: the role of omics technologies in dairy and meat production","volume":"26","author":"Mart\u00ednez","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"159","volume-title":"Novel Food Analysis: Techniques and Applications","author":"Das","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70293","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.70293","article-title":"AI-driven personalized nutrition: integrating omics, ethics, and digital health","volume":"69","author":"Mundt","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol Nutr Food Res"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.4018\/979-8-3373-3121-8.ch002","volume-title":"Advancing Personalized Medicine With AI-Driven Microbiome and Nutrigenomics: Innovations and Future Perspectives","author":"Bansal","year":"2026"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0044-1792153","article-title":"Next-generation sequencing and emerging technologies","volume":"50","author":"Kumar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Semin Thromb Hemost"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-022-00566-8","article-title":"Long non-coding RNAs: definitions, functions, challenges and recommendations","volume":"24","author":"Mattick","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1007\/s42485-023-00128-5","article-title":"A review on analytical tools in proteomics","volume":"14","author":"Thikekar","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Proteins Proteomics"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e61786","DOI":"10.3791\/61786","article-title":"Comprehensive workflow of mass spectrometry-based shotgun proteomics of tissue samples","volume":"177","author":"Verma","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Vis Exp"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.31838\/srp.2022.5.76","article-title":"Analytical techniques used in metabolomics: a review","volume":"13","author":"Munjal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Syst Rev Pharm"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1007\/s11306-021-01829-1","article-title":"Challenges in LC\u2013MS-based metabolomics for Alzheimer\u2019s disease early detection: targeted approaches versus untargeted approaches","volume":"17","author":"Reveglia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Metabolomics"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1021\/jasms.5c00187","article-title":"Integrating ion mobility spectrometry and mass spectrometry imaging for characterizing the distribution of biologically active disaccharide isomers","volume":"36","author":"Zeng","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Am Soc Mass Spectrom"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12453","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.4c02163","article-title":"Ion mobility-mass spectrometry strategies to elucidate the anhydrous structure of noncovalent guest\/host complexes","volume":"96","author":"May","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anal Chem"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.51370\/JASAB.2023.5.2.72","article-title":"Gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (GC-MS): a comprehensive review of synergistic combinations and their applications in the past two decades","volume":"5","author":"Ranjan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Anal Sci Appl Biotechnol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-4462-1_17","volume-title":"Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Proteomics: Methods and Protocols","author":"Sprengel","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1080\/03639045.2025.2487654","article-title":"A novel data-driven approach to assess the chewability and grittiness of the chewable tablets using a texture analysis","volume":"51","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Drug Dev Ind Pharm"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108972","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfca.2026.108972","article-title":"Development of a texture analyzer-based method for waxiness evaluation and its application to phenotypic variation analysis in postharvest Chinese chestnut kernels","volume":"151","author":"Shi","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Food Compos Anal"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1807","DOI":"10.3390\/foods13121807","article-title":"Exploring texture and biomechanics of food oral processing in fork-mashable dishes for patients with mastication or swallowing impairments","volume":"13","author":"Ismael-Mohammed","year":"2024","journal-title":"Foods."},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fnhli.2025.100018","article-title":"A survey of mastication evaluation: from traditional approach to artificial intelligence","volume":"2","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Nutr Health"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70037","DOI":"10.1111\/jtxs.70037","article-title":"In vitro robotic chewing studies of food texture changes during mastication","volume":"56","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Texture Stud"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2024.2314567","article-title":"Sensory evaluation of plant-based cheese: a systematic review with a focus on texture and mouthfeel","volume":"66","author":"Rune","year":"2026","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-95048-3_16","volume-title":"Emerging Non-Destructive Technologies for Food Quality Analysis","author":"Harini","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.26656\/fr.2017.12(3).340","article-title":"Technological tools for the measurement of sensory characteristics in food: a review","volume":"12","author":"Martinez-Velasco","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Res"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2404274","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202404274","article-title":"Digitalization of colorimetric sensor technologies for food safety","volume":"36","author":"Mazur","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv Mater"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.131774.1","article-title":"Technological tools for the measurement of sensory characteristics in food: a review","volume":"12","author":"Martinez-Velasco","year":"2024","journal-title":"F1000Research"},{"key":"ref29","first-page":"1","article-title":"Developments in image-based colorimetric analysis methods and applications of CIELab color space in pharmaceutical sciences: a narrative review","volume-title":"Int J Pharm","author":"Marefat","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.3390\/jmmp8060244","article-title":"Review of image processing methods for surface and tool condition assessments in machining","volume":"8","author":"Ercetin","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Manuf Mater Process"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1038\/s43586-026-00319-7","article-title":"Hyperspectral imaging","volume":"6","author":"Hong","year":"2026","journal-title":"Hyperspectral Imaging Nat Rev Methods Primers"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1038\/s44287-024-00032-8","article-title":"Applications of hyperspectral imaging technology in the food industry","volume":"1","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Rev Electr Eng"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9821","DOI":"10.3390\/app14219821","article-title":"Hyperspectral imaging aiding artificial intelligence: a reliable approach for food qualification and safety","volume":"14","author":"Nikzadfar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70248","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.70248","article-title":"Next-generation optical imaging and spectroscopy: AI and chemometrics in assessing authenticity, nutrition, and hazard factors in cereals","volume":"24","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003750642-3","volume-title":"Applied Rheology in Food Processing","author":"Zambelli","year":"2026"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5040","DOI":"10.1039\/D5RA08977A","article-title":"Rheological analysis in food processing: factors, applications, and future outlooks with machine learning integration","volume":"16","author":"Chen","year":"2026","journal-title":"RSC Adv"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2227","DOI":"10.1007\/s00217-023-04272-2","article-title":"An overview focusing on modification of margarine rheological and textural properties for improving physical quality","volume":"249","author":"Fallahasgari","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Food Res Technol"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-94476-5_8","volume-title":"Technological Advances and Trends in Cheese Making","author":"Majumder","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12802","DOI":"10.1111\/jtxs.12802","article-title":"Rheology of liquid foods under shear flow conditions: recently used models","volume":"55","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Padilla","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Texture Stud"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1039\/D5FB00091A","article-title":"Applications of soft matter physics in food science: from molecular interactions to macro-scale food structures","volume":"3","author":"Pawde","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sustain Food Technol"},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"219","volume-title":"Artificial Intelligence in Food Science","author":"Sarkar","year":"2026"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1080\/07328303.2026.2478912","article-title":"Synergistic design of sustainable plant-based foods: the emerging role of protein\u2013polysaccharide interactions for next-generation food structures","volume":"45","author":"Golshany","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Carbohydr Chem"},{"key":"ref43","article-title":"Advances in sensory and nutritional innovation for sustainable plant-based meat analogs: a comprehensive review","volume-title":"Food Rev Int","author":"Khezerlou","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003750642-4","volume-title":"Applied Rheology in Food Processing","author":"Zainab","year":"2026"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1111\/jtxs.12627","article-title":"Influence of thickening agents on rheological properties and sensory attributes of dysphagic diet","volume":"52","author":"de Schmidt","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Texture Stud"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8752","DOI":"10.3390\/app15158752","article-title":"Advances in computational fluid dynamics of mechanical processes in food engineering: mixing, extrusion, drying, and process optimization","volume":"15","author":"Szpicer","year":"2025","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1007\/s12393-024-09389-7","article-title":"3D food printing: a comprehensive review and critical analysis on technologies, food materials, applications, challenges, and future prospects","volume":"17","author":"Sohel","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Eng Rev"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2025.147148","article-title":"Food surface characterization by scanning electron microscopy and fractal analysis: a review","volume":"498","author":"Bhuiyan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2024.2301198","article-title":"Advances in the assessment of the physical characteristics of foods","volume":"66","author":"Otoo","year":"2026","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s44187-026-00074-3","article-title":"Microstructural characterization of dairy products: structure\u2013function relationships, processing effects, and industrial significance","volume":"6","author":"Bihola","year":"2026","journal-title":"Discov Food"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1111\/jtxs.12679","article-title":"Understanding relations between rheology, tribology, and sensory perception of modified texture foods","volume":"53","author":"Sharma","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Texture Stud"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6939","DOI":"10.1007\/s11947-025-03982-6","article-title":"Impact of extrusion process on the macro-and micro-nutrient in extruded food products: challenges and future trends","volume":"18","author":"Nandane","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Bioprocess Technol"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.22201\/ceiich.24485691e.2023.30.69672","article-title":"A review of advanced microscopy techniques for the development of nanotechnology in agriculture, food, and the environment","volume":"16","author":"Gallegos-Cerda","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mundo Nano Rev Interdiscip Nanocienc Nanotecnol"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13385","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.13385","article-title":"Innovations in nondestructive assessment of baked products: current trends and future prospects","volume":"23","author":"Olakanmi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1007\/s12393-023-09367-5","article-title":"Characteristics of open and closed pores, their measurement techniques and exploitation in dehydrated food products","volume":"16","author":"Thibault","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Eng Rev"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147730","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2025.147730","article-title":"Fabrication of food-grade lipid nanodisc-based delivery systems: structural characterization and self-assembly process","volume":"502","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1080\/87559129.2025.2457814","article-title":"The state-of-the-art on exploring polysaccharide-protein interactions and its mechanisms, stability, and their role in food systems","volume":"42","author":"Yiasmin","year":"2026","journal-title":"Food Rev Int"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1641","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.b25-00341","article-title":"Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy for the evaluation of lipid-based nanomedicines: principles, applications, and challenges","volume":"48","author":"Takechi-Haraya","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biol Pharm Bull"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.10876543","article-title":"Exploring functional groups and molecular structures: a comprehensive analysis using FTIR spectroscopy","volume":"6","author":"Siddique","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem Res J"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2023.109174","article-title":"Insight into microstructure evolution during starch retrogradation by infrared and Raman spectroscopy combined with two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy analysis","volume":"146","author":"An","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Hydrocoll"},{"key":"ref61","first-page":"5","volume-title":"Guidelines for Single Laboratory Validation of Chemical Methods for Dietary Supplements and Botanicals","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.2c04602","article-title":"Foods and contaminants analysis using multidimensional gas chromatography: An update of recent studies, technology, and applications","volume":"95","author":"Nolvachai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anal Chem"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1514","DOI":"10.1111\/ijfs.14818","article-title":"Application of gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based metabolomics for the study of fermented cereal and legume foods: a review","volume":"56","author":"Adebo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Food Sci Technol"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9523","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.4c01234","article-title":"Enhancing odor analysis with gas chromatography\u2013olfactometry (GC-O): recent breakthroughs and challenges","volume":"72","author":"Mahmoud","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13360","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.13360","article-title":"Food authentication, current issues, analytical techniques, and future challenges: a comprehensive review","volume":"23","author":"Haider","year":"2024","journal-title":"Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.3390\/foods14060943","article-title":"Advancing stable isotope analysis for alcoholic beverages\u2019 authenticity: novel approaches in fraud detection and traceability","volume":"14","author":"Ma","year":"2025","journal-title":"Foods."},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1772","DOI":"10.1002\/mas.21784","article-title":"Mass spectrometry in food authentication and origin traceability","volume":"42","author":"Dou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mass Spectrom Rev"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2215","DOI":"10.1007\/s00217-023-04269-x","article-title":"Volatilomic with chemometrics: a toward authentication approach for food authenticity control","volume":"249","author":"Noshad","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Food Res Technol"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.31436\/halalsphere.V5i2.112","article-title":"Integration of spectroscopy and chemometric analysis for food authentication: a review","volume":"5","author":"Basri","year":"2025","journal-title":"Halalsphere"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.25165\/j.ijabe.20251803.9123","article-title":"Integration of machine learning technologies in food flavor research: current applications, challenges, and future perspectives","volume":"18","author":"Ling","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Agric Biol Eng"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108594","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfca.2025.108594","article-title":"Machine learning-driven integration of GC\u2013MS and sensory panel data for aroma prediction in food systems","volume":"148","author":"Kirtil","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Food Compos Anal"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.29333\/ejac\/14321","article-title":"Advancing food analysis: high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) applications in ensuring safety and quality standards. Eurasian","volume":"19","author":"Messaoudi","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Anal Chem"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3573","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30173573","article-title":"Green approaches in high-performance liquid chromatography for sustainable food analysis: advances, challenges, and regulatory perspectives","volume":"30","author":"Karageorgou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.56781\/jddt.2024.1.01.09","article-title":"Recent innovations in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC): method development and validation strategies","volume":"1","author":"Pawar","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Drug Deliv Biotherapeutics."},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.3390\/analytica3010005","article-title":"Review of the analytical methods based on HPLC-electrochemical detection coupling for the evaluation of organic compounds of nutritional and environmental interest","volume":"3","author":"Maio","year":"2022","journal-title":"Analytica."},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13541","DOI":"10.55251\/jmbfs.13541","article-title":"High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC): principle, applications, and the role of artificial intelligence\u2013a reviwew","volume":"15","author":"Shaikh","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Microbiol Biotechnol Food Sci"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3506","DOI":"10.3390\/app15073506","article-title":"A comprehensive review of analytical approaches for carotenoids assessment in plant-based foods: advances, applications, and future directions","volume":"15","author":"Kurek","year":"2025","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.62711\/jpir.v2i6.84","article-title":"Advances in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)","volume":"2","author":"Pandreka","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Pharma Insights Res."},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.3390\/analytica6010010","article-title":"Green analytical chemistry\u2014recent innovations","volume":"6","author":"Meher","year":"2025","journal-title":"Analytica"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003494744-8","volume-title":"Green Chemistry in Food Analysis","author":"Basantia","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1007\/s44314-025-00255-8","article-title":"Green solvents and their role in modern sample preparation for sustainable analytical chemistry","volume":"2","author":"Vadgama","year":"2025","journal-title":"Discover Chemistry"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70985","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.70985","article-title":"Reduced nitrates\/nitrites and natural additives in organic fermented dry-cured sausages: effects on microbiological safety, quality, and consumer acceptance","volume":"91","author":"Argem\u00ed-Armengol","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Food Sci"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1080\/87559129.2025.2448137","article-title":"Are food additives utilized judiciously? Novel insights into health risks, benefits, and ethical boundaries","volume":"42","author":"Xia","year":"2026","journal-title":"Food Rev Int"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.62711\/jpir.v1i2.21","article-title":"A review on UV-visible spectroscopy","volume":"1","author":"Mandru","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Pharma Insights Res"},{"key":"ref85","first-page":"53","article-title":"Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, importance, principle, structure and most important applications: a study review","volume":"12","author":"Alaboodi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Nov Res Phys Chem Math"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.afres.2022.100123","article-title":"Monitoring and prediction of sensory shelf-life in strawberry with ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared (UV-VIS-NIR) spectroscopy","volume":"2","author":"Joshi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl Food Res"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2023.123007","article-title":"Data fusion strategy based on ultraviolet\u2013visible spectra and near-infrared spectra for simultaneous and accurate determination of key parameters in surface water","volume":"302","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.4c06789","article-title":"Advancements in hyperspectral imaging for assessing nutritional parameters in muscle food: current research and future trends","volume":"73","author":"Zuo","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2977","DOI":"10.3390\/foods14172977","article-title":"Advances in hyperspectral imaging technology for grain quality and safety detection: a review","volume":"14","author":"Liang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Foods."},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.62711\/jpb.v3i1.112","article-title":"Advances and applications of FTIR spectroscopy: precision, accuracy, and validation challenges","volume":"3","author":"Iqtadar","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Pharma Biomedics"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-024-02112-5","article-title":"Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy as a tool to characterize exercise and physical activity: a systematic review","volume":"55","author":"Valente","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70126","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.70126","article-title":"Overview of mouthfeel from the perspective of sensory scientists in industry","volume":"24","author":"Ditschun","year":"2025","journal-title":"Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cofs.2024.101200","article-title":"How nuclear magnetic resonance contributes to food authentication: current trends and perspectives","volume":"58","author":"Lolli","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr Opin Food Sci"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70643","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.70643","article-title":"Exploring the frontiers of food science: a comprehensive review of advanced magnetic resonance applications in food analysis, quality analysis, and safety assessment","volume":"13","author":"Alkanan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Sci Nutr"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-95048-3_3","volume-title":"Emerging Non-destructive Technologies for Food Quality Analysis","author":"Navaf","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref96","first-page":"83","article-title":"Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy: an overview","volume":"10","author":"Rao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Biomed"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1007\/s12161-022-02427-0","article-title":"Analysis of lard in palm oil using long-wave near-infrared (LW-NIR) spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC\u2013MS)","volume":"16","author":"Hussain","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Anal Methods"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1778","DOI":"10.1080\/19440049.2021.1940047","article-title":"Identification of type B trichothecenes and zearalenone in Chilean cereals by planar chromatography coupled to mass spectroscopy","volume":"38","author":"Jorquera-Pereira","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Addit Contam Part A"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12986","DOI":"10.1111\/jfs.12986","article-title":"Recent advances on DNA and omics-based technology in food testing and authentication: a review","volume":"42","author":"Kumar","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Food Saf"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmpp.2025.102589","article-title":"Application of PCR and PCR-derived technologies for the detection of pathogens infecting crops","volume":"136","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Physiol Mol Plant Pathol"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70243","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.70243","article-title":"Current progress on the detection of genetically modified organisms in food: from transgenic towards genome-edited crops","volume":"24","author":"Brara","year":"2025","journal-title":"Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-99454-8_5","volume-title":"Advanced Techniques Against Food Adulteration","author":"El-tahlawy","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1002\/9783527847945.ch3","volume-title":"Diagnostic Techniques in Public Health: Analytical and Chemometric Approaches in Disease Detection and Management","author":"Wang","year":"2026"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1007\/s00604-025-06857-3","article-title":"Future perspectives of GMO detection in agriculture: strategies for electrochemical nucleic acid detection","volume":"192","author":"Kupre\u0161anin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microchim Acta"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.54117\/j2hx1174","article-title":"Microbial contamination in dairy products and its legal implications","volume":"1","author":"Nwakoby","year":"2025","journal-title":"Afr J Nutr Appl Res"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.54117\/ijnfs.v4i4.112","article-title":"Food safety and law: the role of microbiology in ensuring safe food products","volume":"4","author":"Nwakoby","year":"2025","journal-title":"IPS J Nutr Food Sci"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.130543","article-title":"Preparation and characterization of pectin-alginate-based microbeads reinforced by nano montmorillonite filler for probiotics encapsulation: improving viability and colonic colonization","volume":"264","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8083","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.14572","article-title":"Fabrication of sodium alginate gel beads encapsulating microcapsules via TGase-catalyzed crosslinking of gelatin in the outer aqueous phase of probiotics-loaded W\/O\/W emulsions","volume":"105","author":"Su","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Sci Food Agric"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-024-00984-7","article-title":"Improved sampling and DNA extraction procedures for microbiome analysis in food-processing environments","volume":"19","author":"Barcenilla","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2753","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12142753","article-title":"Current application of advancing spectroscopy techniques in food analysis: data handling with chemometric approaches","volume":"12","author":"Kharbach","year":"2023","journal-title":"Foods."},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100834","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2024.100834","article-title":"Enhancing consumer sensory science approach through augmented virtuality","volume":"9","author":"Zulkarnain","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr Res Food Sci"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.3390\/foods15030415","article-title":"Recent applications of machine learning algorithms for pesticide analysis in food samples","volume":"15","author":"Syrgabek","year":"2026","journal-title":"Foods."},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104852","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2025.104852","article-title":"Synergistic approaches of AI and NMR in enhancing food component analysis: a comprehensive review","volume":"156","author":"Cao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci Technol"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1783","DOI":"10.3390\/foods14101783","article-title":"Artificial intelligence in advancing algal bioactive ingredients: production, characterization, and application","volume":"14","author":"Guo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Foods."},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2222","DOI":"10.3390\/foods14132222","article-title":"Mechanistic insights into vegetable color stability: discoloration pathways and emerging protective strategies","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Foods."},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6478","DOI":"10.1080\/87559129.2022.2094378","article-title":"A review of discoloration in fruits and vegetables: formation mechanisms and inhibition","volume":"39","author":"Hang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Rev Int"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1186\/s13020-025-01064-4","article-title":"Mass spectrometry-based metabolomic as a powerful tool to unravel the component and mechanism in TCM","volume":"20","author":"Liao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chin Med"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8962","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26188962","article-title":"Mass spectrometry-based proteomics for seafood allergen detection and quantification: current trends and technological frontiers","volume":"26","author":"Amado","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70020","DOI":"10.1111\/jtxs.70020","article-title":"An updated review on exploring hydrocolloids application in food matrix: current insights into fruit, bakery, meat, and dairy based products","volume":"56","author":"Alam","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Texture Stud"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29998","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.5c04567","article-title":"Recent advances in integrating machine learning with omics approaches in food science and nutrition research","volume":"73","author":"Xiao","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108634","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfca.2025.108634","article-title":"Next-generation foodomics: integrated multi-omics approaches for structural and functional profiling of plant-based proteins and polyphenols","volume":"148","author":"Le","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Food Compos Anal"},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-443-33853-3.00013-2","volume-title":"Handbook of Functional Foods","author":"Kumari","year":"2026"},{"key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.1c04262","article-title":"Foodomics: analytical opportunities and challenges","volume":"94","author":"Vald\u00e9s","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anal Chem"},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2025.2439876","article-title":"Artificial intelligence-enabled analysis methods and their applications in food chemistry","volume":"66","author":"Gu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr"},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2020.12.006","article-title":"Foodomics: a new approach in food quality and safety","volume":"108","author":"Balkir","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci Technol"},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.3390\/foods14010015","article-title":"Foodomics as a tool for evaluating food authenticity and safety from field to table: a review","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Foods."},{"key":"ref127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2022.111242","article-title":"Omics-based monitoring of microbial dynamics across the food chain for the improvement of food safety and quality","volume":"157","author":"Sequino","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Res Int"},{"key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.3390\/fermentation11060300","article-title":"Exploring the functionality of microbes in fermented foods: technological advancements and future directions","volume":"11","author":"Singh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Fermentation"},{"key":"ref129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.37349\/eff.2024.00045","article-title":"Future trends in food science and foodomics: a perspective view by the editorial team of exploration of foods and Foodomics","volume":"2","author":"Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Explor Foods Foodomics"},{"key":"ref130","first-page":"153","volume-title":"Basic Protocols in Encapsulation of Food Ingredients","author":"Kaushik","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4709","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24054709","article-title":"Proteomics as a new-generation tool for studying moulds related to food safety and quality","volume":"24","author":"\u00c1lvarez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1080\/87559129.2023.2245126","article-title":"Metabolomics-driven prediction of vegetable food metabolite patterns: advances in machine learning approaches","volume":"41","author":"Shawky","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Rev Int"},{"key":"ref133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137943","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2023.137943","article-title":"Multi-omics in food safety and authenticity in terms of food components","volume":"437","author":"Su","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"key":"ref134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.3390\/chemosensors13070253","article-title":"Analytical approaches using GC-MS for the detection of pollutants in wastewater towards environmental and human health benefits: a comprehensive review","volume":"13","author":"Catarro","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chem"},{"key":"ref135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9783527847648","volume-title":"Handbook of GC-MS: Fundamentals and Applications","author":"H\u00fcbschmann","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.15784321","article-title":"A comprehensive review on high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC): introduction, theory, instrumentation, advantages, limitations and applications","volume":"2","author":"Shah","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Sci Res Technol"},{"key":"ref137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10408347.2025.2489132","article-title":"Artificial intelligence in HPLC method development: a critical review of technological integration, limitations, and future directions","volume":"55","author":"Alves","year":"2025","journal-title":"Crit Rev Anal Chem"},{"key":"ref138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4369","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28114369","article-title":"On the use of deuterated organic solvents without TMS to report 1H\/13C NMR spectral data of organic compounds: current state of the method, its pitfalls and benefits, and related issues","volume":"28","author":"Nazarski","year":"2023","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.4103\/2045-9912.403221","article-title":"Benefits from nuclear magnetic resonance studies of molecules in the gas-phase","volume":"15","author":"Jackowski","year":"2025","journal-title":"Med Gas Res"},{"key":"ref140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gsme.2025.01.001","article-title":"Organic minerals: definitions, classifications, and characteristics","volume":"2","author":"Gu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Green Smart Min Eng"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109984","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2024.109984","article-title":"Detection of vanillin in food products over cu-laser induced graphene nanocomposite using the combined electrochemistry and UV\u2013vis spectroscopy principles","volume":"199","author":"Gupta","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microchem J"},{"key":"ref142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3332","DOI":"10.3390\/polym15163332","article-title":"Synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of a novel molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) for selective quantification of curcumin in real food sample by UV-vis spectrophotometry","volume":"15","author":"Espinoza-Torres","year":"2023","journal-title":"Polymers"},{"key":"ref143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2607","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-020-02489-9","article-title":"Validation of an LC-MS\/MS-based dilute-and-shoot approach for the quantification of >500 mycotoxins and other secondary metabolites in food crops: challenges and solutions","volume":"412","author":"Sulyok","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anal Bioanal Chem"},{"key":"ref144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1007\/s10068-024-01412-9","article-title":"An introductory review on the application of principal component analysis in the data exploration of the chemical analysis of food samples","volume":"33","author":"Souza","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Sci Biotechnol"},{"key":"ref145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110878","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2021.110878","article-title":"Application of multivariate data analysis for food quality investigations: an example-based review","volume":"151","author":"Buv\u00e9","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Res Int"},{"key":"ref146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2023.05.019","article-title":"Food flavor analysis 4.0: a cross-domain application of machine learning","volume":"138","author":"Zeng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci Technol"},{"key":"ref147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e16320","DOI":"10.1111\/jfpp.16320","article-title":"A comparative analysis of hybrid SVM and LS-SVM classification algorithms to identify dried wolfberry fruits quality based on hyperspectral imaging technology","volume":"46","author":"Nirere","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Food Process Preserv"},{"key":"ref148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10408347.2025.2469812","article-title":"Enhancing food quality analysis: the transformative role of artificial neural networks in modern analytical techniques","volume":"55","author":"Sharma","year":"2025","journal-title":"Crit Rev Anal Chem"},{"key":"ref149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.3390\/foods14020247","article-title":"Application of convolutional neural networks and recurrent neural networks in food safety","volume":"14","author":"Ding","year":"2025","journal-title":"Foods."},{"key":"ref150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/6901184","article-title":"Application of intelligent taste analysis based on random forest algorithm in food quality inspection","volume":"2022","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Comput Intell Neurosci"},{"key":"ref151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148600","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2026.148600","article-title":"Soft matter-engineered pH-responsive hydrogels for encapsulation, protection, and controlled intestinal release of probiotics (Lacticaseibacillus paracasei YWC-01)","volume":"509","author":"Cao","year":"2026","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"key":"ref152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-99876-5.00011-8","article-title":"The current and emerging research related aroma and flavor","author":"Sukaew","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aroma Flavor Product Dev"},{"key":"ref153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.3390\/foods15020216","article-title":"Intelligent discrimination of grain aging using volatile organic compound fingerprints and machine learning: a comprehensive review","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Foods."},{"key":"ref154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19222","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.5c04128","article-title":"Smart detection of food spoilage using microbial volatile compounds: technologies, challenges, and future outlook","volume":"73","author":"Ramadan","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"ref155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003352082","volume-title":"Sensory Evaluation Techniques","author":"Civille","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.3390\/foods11030255","article-title":"An overview of sensory characterization techniques: from classical descriptive analysis to the emergence of novel profiling methods","volume":"11","author":"Marques","year":"2022","journal-title":"Foods."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnut.2026.1899127\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T04:35:27Z","timestamp":1786941327000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnut.2026.1899127\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]]},"references-count":156,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fnut.2026.1899127"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnut.2026.1899127","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-861X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-861X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]]},"article-number":"1899127"}}