{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T06:04:39Z","timestamp":1789452279715,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Surrogate indices such as the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index are widely used to estimate insulin resistance (IR), yet their ability to discriminate incident gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in early gestation remains suboptimal. This study evaluated whether the previously developed composite metabolic index GLM7 was correlated with subsequent GDM in Korean singleton pregnant women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, we analyzed 582 singleton pregnancies from a Korean pregnancy registry. Multivariable logistic regression and restricted cubic splines (RCS) were used to evaluate the association between GLM7 and GDM. Discriminative performance was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, and pairwise comparisons were performed using DeLong's test. Robustness was assessed through sensitivity analyses, subgroup analyses, and E-value calculations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In the fully adjusted model, GLM7 was independently associated with incident GDM (OR 14.27, 95% CI 5.01\u201340.67;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.001). RCS analysis showed no evidence of departure from linearity (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      for non-linearity = 0.266). The association persisted across sensitivity and subgroup analyses. The E-value of 28.03 suggested that only a very strong unmeasured confounder could nullify the observed association. ROC analysis revealed an AUC of 0.839 (95% CI 0.767\u20130.912) for GLM7. Pairwise DeLong comparisons showed significantly higher AUCs for GLM7 than for HOMA-IR and for first-trimester fasting plasma glucose (FPG), while differences compared with the TyG index, fatty liver index (FLI), and hepatic steatosis index (HSI) were not statistically significant. Within this cohort, the optimal GLM7 threshold was 6.932, yielding 77.8% sensitivity and 78.2% specificity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>GLM7 was independently associated with subsequent GDM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2026.1907985","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T05:36:01Z","timestamp":1789450561000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association of the GLM7 composite metabolic index with gestational diabetes mellitus in early pregnancy: a secondary analysis of a Korean prospective pregnancy cohort"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Qinfei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, The 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