{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T05:09:53Z","timestamp":1789016993377,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vocational college students face substantial academic, occupational, and social transition demands, yet the relative importance of modifiable behavioral and psychosocial resources associated with resilience remains unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This multisite cross-sectional study examined physical activity, social support, self-control, and resilience among 2,251 students recruited by convenience sampling from eight vocational colleges in Jiangsu and Henan Provinces, China. All constructs were assessed using self-report measures. Spearman correlations and covariate-adjusted linear regression were used to compare bivariate and independent associations. Exploratory parallel indirect-association models statistically decomposed the cross-sectional physical activity\u2013resilience association through social support and self-control. Complementary out-of-sample predictive benchmarking compared Ridge regression with gradient boosting, random forest, and support vector regression using repeated nested cross-validation. A personal-resilience outcome was examined as a construct-overlap sensitivity analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Social support showed the strongest adjusted association with resilience (standardized \u03b2 = 0.587, 95% CI [0.553, 0.621]), followed by self-control (\u03b2 = 0.344, 95% CI [0.312, 0.376]) and physical activity (\u03b2 = 0.047, 95% CI [0.018, 0.076]). Positive indirect associations were observed through social support (0.0725, 95% CI [0.0431, 0.1009]) and self-control (0.0653, 95% CI [0.0486, 0.0831]). Ridge regression achieved the numerically highest mean held-out\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      (0.679), but none of the nonlinear models showed statistically supported improvement beyond the linear benchmark; ordinary least-squares sensitivity analysis produced nearly identical performance (\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      = 0.678). The broad pattern remained similar when personal resilience was used.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this sample, social support and self-control were substantially stronger independent correlates of resilience than physical activity, while additional nonlinear model complexity offered little out-of-sample predictive gain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2026.1910091","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T04:30:07Z","timestamp":1789014607000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Relative associations of physical activity, social support, and self-control with resilience among vocational college students: a multisite cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Guoguo","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou","place":["Jiangsu, China"]},{"name":"Changzhou Vocational Institute of Textile and Garment, Changzhou","place":["Jiangsu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai\u2019hong","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changzhou Vocational Institute of Textile and Garment, Changzhou","place":["Jiangsu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiulong","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou","place":["Jiangsu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuehao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou","place":["Jiangsu, 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