{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T06:31:49Z","timestamp":1786516309444,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Triglyceride-glucose (TyG) derivatives are recognized markers of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) risk. However, the association between composite indices integrating nutritional and metabolic status and biological aging in T2DM patients remains unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data from 4,572 adults were analyzed to evaluate the association between four indices, including the geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI), TyG, triglyceride glucose-waist-to-height ratio (TyG-WHtR), and the composite nutritional metabolic risk index (NMRI), and T2DM prevalence using logistic regression and restricted cubic spline analysis. The potential mediating and moderating roles of relative telomere length (RTL) were also explored.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      TyG and TyG-WHtR were strongly associated with higher odds of T2DM, with TyG-WHtR presenting the strongest association (odds ratio [OR]\u202f=\u202f10.20; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 8.64\u201312.10). NMRI was independently inversely associated with T2DM in a non-linear manner, and the inverse association was stronger among participants with shorter RTL (interaction OR\u202f=\u202f1.007; 95% CI: 1.000\u20131.014;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.041). RTL did not mediate but moderated the NMRI\u2013T2DM link. GNRI exhibited no significant association with T2DM.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>TyG and TyG-WHtR may serve as useful indicators of T2DM risk, while NMRI is inversely associated with T2DM. RTL appeared to modify the association between NMRI and T2DM, suggesting potential value for individualized metabolic risk stratification, which warrants further investigation in longitudinal studies. These findings suggest that the interplay between nutritional-metabolic indices and biological aging in diabetes pathogenesis warrants further investigation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2026.1911472","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T06:00:08Z","timestamp":1786514408000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The novel nutritional metabolic risk index and established triglyceride-glucose indices in type 2 diabetes: modifying role of biological aging assessed by telomere length"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Chan","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Ningxia Medical University","place":["Yinchuan, Ningxia, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Administration and Social Services College, Ningxia polytechnic University","place":["Yinchuan, China"]},{"name":"School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University","place":["Yinchuan, Ningxia, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaowei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University","place":["Yinchuan, Ningxia, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxia","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University","place":["Yinchuan, Ningxia, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuhong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University","place":["Yinchuan, Ningxia, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University","place":["Yinchuan, Ningxia, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1873","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(25)01637-x","article-title":"Burden of 375 diseases and injuries, risk-attributable burden of 88 risk factors, and healthy life expectancy in 204 countries and territories, including 660 subnational locations, 1990-2023: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2023","volume":"406","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1002\/cbf.3383","article-title":"Telmisartan protects against high glucose\/high lipid-induced apoptosis and insulin secretion by 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