{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T22:58:15Z","timestamp":1785452295620,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785369600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004863","name":"Zhejiang Chinese Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004863","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is triggered by gut-liver axis disorders; enzyme-ultrasound assisted extraction (EAUE) better retains bioactive mulberry polysaccharides (MP) than hot water extraction. This work optimized EAUE by RSM and GA-BP to compare the gut-hepatic protective capacity of two MP preparations and reveal their microecological regulatory mechanism.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We optimized EAUE conditions and characterized the structural features of EAUE-derived MP (MPEU). A 30-day concurrent modeling and MP-administration mouse trial was conducted with biochemical detection and 16S rRNA sequencing to assess MPEU and hot water extraction MP (MPHW)\n                      <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      activity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>RSM yielded predictions closer to experimental values, and its optimal extraction conditions were determined as extraction time 107\u202fmin, liquid-to-solid ratio 33:1, enzyme addition amount 350\u202fmg, and extraction temperature 52\u202f\u00b0C, yielding MP at 10.06\u202f\u00b1\u202f0.03%. MPEU retained complete glycosidic structures and outperformed MPHW in mitigating hepatic steatosis, intestinal damage and inflammation, by restoring SCFA-producing commensal bacteria and suppressing pro-inflammatory flora.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, RSM is preferable for EAUE optimization. Structurally intact MPEU exerts stronger NAFLD relief via remodeling gut microecology, promising as nutritional functional food ingredients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2026.1915643","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T22:05:35Z","timestamp":1785449135000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["RSM and GA-BP assisted optimization of enzyme-ultrasound assisted extraction for mulberry fruit polysaccharides and comparison of their protective effects on NAFLD with hot water extraction polysaccharide"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Hengpu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University","place":["Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 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