{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T14:11:01Z","timestamp":1788876661500,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Matcha and green-tea bioactives are widely promoted for stress and hormonal health, yet the evidence is fragmented across chemically dissimilar preparations (whole-leaf matcha, brewed green tea, isolated L-theanine, and concentrated epigallocatechin-3-gallate, EGCG) that are routinely treated as interchangeable. A compositional index for this problem already exists: the caffeine-plus-EGCG-to-L-theanine-plus-arginine (CE\/TA) molar ratio, developed by Unno and colleagues for matcha and Japanese green-tea preparations, together with an indicative screening threshold. This review adopts that index and applies it, for the first time, as a stratification variable across a formally assembled endocrine evidence base, in order to map what is and is not established regarding cortisol, testosterone, and the testosterone-to-cortisol (T:C) ratio. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 statement and its search extension (PRISMA-S), seven electronic sources were searched from inception to March 31, 2026, and findings were synthesized using the Synthesis Without Meta-analysis (SWiM) guideline because the studies were not sufficiently comparable for meta-analysis. Twenty-two studies were included (700 human participants; 673 endocrine-relevant), spanning randomized controlled trials, nonrandomized interventions, a cross-sectional study, animal experiments, and\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    models. Studies were appraised with design-appropriate risk-of-bias tools and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) framework, and were stratified both by evidence tier and by CE\/TA ratio. Lower-CE\/TA preparations, particularly those around 2.0 or below, were the most consistently associated with stress-attenuating, cortisol-related responses, whereas higher-ratio and isolated-compound preparations were not. Catechin studies provided supportive but indirect evidence for testosterone preservation. Critically, no included matcha-specific human intervention measured testosterone and cortisol concurrently. GRADE certainty was low for cortisol-related and testosterone-related outcomes and very low for the integrated T:C endpoint. The contribution of this review is therefore 2-fold: the first tier-stratified application of the CE\/TA index across an endocrine evidence base, and a formally documented map of the evidence gap, specifically the absence of chemically characterized trials with paired testosterone and cortisol measurement. Rather than a verdict that matcha is ineffective, these define a concrete, testable agenda for CE\/TA-specified randomized trials with standardized sampling and paired endocrine endpoints.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Systematic review registration:<\/jats:bold>\n                    <jats:ext-link>https:\/\/inplasy.com\/inplasy-2026-4-0072\/<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    , identifier INPLASY202640072.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2026.1925871","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T13:50:50Z","timestamp":1788875450000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A CE\/TA-stratified systematic review and evidence map of matcha and green tea bioactives in endocrine stress regulation: testosterone, cortisol, and the T:C ratio"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Abdulmohsen","family":"Alanazi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Science, College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences","place":["Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"]},{"name":"King Abdullah International Medical Research Center","place":["Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"]},{"name":"Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs","place":["Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan","family":"Alanzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, Shaqra University","place":["Shaqra, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdullah Abdulaziz Abbod","family":"Abdo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University","place":["Newcastle upon Tyne, United 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