{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T06:12:38Z","timestamp":1788415958571,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To develop a three-item short form of the EAT-10 by identifying the smallest subset of items that preserves the screening performance of the full questionnaire in hospitalized older adults.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Multicentre cross-sectional observational study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The study was conducted in nine public hospitals in Spain within the NUTRIFAG project. Hospitalized patients aged \u226565\u202fyears with a length of stay \u226548\u202fh were included. Patients receiving enteral or parenteral nutrition at admission, those in terminal condition, or with a primary diagnosis of cancer were excluded. Suspected dysphagia was assessed using the Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10), with a score \u22653 considered positive. Multivariate logistic regression models with forward item selection were used to identify the most informative symptoms indicators. The sample was randomly divided into a training subset (60%) and an internal assessment subset (40%). Model performance was evaluated using Nagelkerke\u2019s pseudo\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      , the Hosmer\u2013Lemeshow test, sensitivity, specificity, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The sample included 2,519 participants. Three symptom indicators emerged as the most informative for identifying patients with suspected dysphagia: requiring extra effort to swallow liquids, requiring extra effort to swallow solids, and coughing while eating. Together, these indicators showed high agreement with the classification obtained using the full EAT-10 in the training phase (\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.861; sensitivity\u202f=\u202f0.863; specificity\u202f=\u202f0.979; AUC\u202f=\u202f0.982), which similar classification performance in the internal assessment subset (sensitivity\u202f=\u202f0.881; specificity\u202f=\u202f0.984).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The proposed three-item subset represents a shortened version of the EAT-10 that preserved much of the screening performance of the full questionnaire in hospitalized older adults. Although it may facilitate dysphagia screening by reproducing the classification obtained with the full EAT-10 in routine nursing assessment, independent external validation against clinical reference standards is required before its diagnostic use can be recommended.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2026.1927025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T05:15:08Z","timestamp":1788412508000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development of a three-item short form of the EAT-10 for screening suspected dysphagia in hospitalized older adults: findings from a multicentre study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Mar\u00eda Trinidad","family":"Castillo-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Balmis University General Hospital, Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL, Group 20)","place":["Alicante, Spain"]},{"name":"Department of Nursing, University of Alicante","place":["Alicante, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Llagostera-Reverter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing Department, Nursing Research Group (GIENF Code 241), University Jaume I","place":["Castell\u00f3n de la Plana, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joaqu\u00edn","family":"Moncho-Vasallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit for the Analysis of Mortality and Health Statistics, Department of Community Nursing, Preventive Medicine, Public Health and History of Science, University of Alicante, Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL)","place":["Alicante, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V\u00edctor M.","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Chord\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing Department, Nursing Research Group (GIENF Code 241), University Jaume I","place":["Castell\u00f3n de la Plana, Spain"]},{"name":"Nursing and Healthcare Research Unit (Invest\u00e9n-isciii), Instituto de Salud Carlos III","place":["Madrid, Spain"]},{"name":"CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES)","place":["Madrid, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Carretero-Randez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing Research Group: Infection, Inflammation and Chronicity (IIS La Fe), Hospital University and Polytechnic La Fe","place":["Valencia, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Isabel","family":"Orts-Cort\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing and Healthcare Research Unit (Invest\u00e9n-isciii), Instituto de Salud Carlos III","place":["Madrid, Spain"]},{"name":"CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES)","place":["Madrid, Spain"]},{"name":"Department of Nursing, University of Alicante (BALMIS), Dr. Balmis General University Hospital, Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL, Group 23)","place":["Alicante, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"NUTRIFAG Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"Gu\u00eda del diagn\u00f3stico y del tratamiento nutricional y rehabilitadora de la disfagia orofar\u00edngea","author":"Clav\u00e9 Civit","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.regg.2017.10.005","article-title":"Disfagia orofar\u00edngea, un nuevo s\u00edndrome geri\u00e1trico oropharyngeal dysphagia, a new geriatric syndrome","volume":"53","author":"Mart\u00edn","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rev Esp Geriatr 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