{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T12:08:29Z","timestamp":1788782909574,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":111,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788739200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The gut microbiota has emerged as a significant regulator of exercise adaptation, recovery, and skeletal-muscle function, giving rise to the idea of the gut\u2013muscle axis as a potential target in sports nutrition. This review summarizes current data on how microbiome-targeted nutritional approaches, such as probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, post-biotics, and polyphenol-rich dietary interventions, effect physiological processes related to athletic performance. Human research suggests that certain therapies may enhance endurance capacity, recuperation, gastrointestinal health, immunological function, and body composition, however, these advantages are typically strain-, formulation-, and population-specific. Further experimental evidence indicates that microbial metabolites, especially urolithins and short-chain fatty acids, may control anabolic signaling, inflammatory responses, mitochondrial function, and redox balance via pathways involving AMPK, PGC-1\u03b1, and associated molecular networks. However, there is still no direct validation of these pathways in human athletes, and the majority of mechanistic information comes from cellular and animal models. The translation of existing findings into evidence-based sports nutrition recommendations is further constrained by significant variation in study design, intervention characteristics, participant populations, and outcome measures. More robust longitudinal human investigations incorporating strain-resolved microbiome profiling, microbial metabolomics, and standardized physiological and performance outcomes are needed in order to identify effective intervention strategies and establish causal mechanisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2026.1927715","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T11:20:20Z","timestamp":1788780020000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Microbiome-based nutrition and the gut\u2013muscle axis: emerging perspectives for athletic performance and recovery"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Xinbao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physical Education, Jos\u00e9 Rizal University, Mandaluyong City","place":["Metro Manila, Philippines"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caijiao","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Arts, Krirk University","place":["Bangkok, Thailand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baogen","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Education, Qilu Normal University, Jinan","place":["Shandong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.3390\/biology12121491","article-title":"Optimizing the gut microbiota for individualized performance development in elite athletes","volume":"12","author":"Nolte","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biology."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-024-01012-x","article-title":"Gut microbiota-derived metabolites tune host homeostasis fate","volume":"46","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Semin Immunopathol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0485-4","article-title":"Meta-omics analysis of elite athletes identifies a performance-enhancing microbe that functions via lactate metabolism","volume":"25","author":"Scheiman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Med."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"kkae007","DOI":"10.1093\/psyrad\/kkae007","article-title":"Microbiota-gut-brain axis: the mediator of exercise and brain health","volume":"4","author":"Kang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Psychoradiology"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glx089","article-title":"Resveratrol enhances exercise-induced cellular and functional adaptations of skeletal muscle in older men and women","volume":"72","author":"Alway","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1665551","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1665551","article-title":"The role of exercise-induced short-chain fatty acids in the gut-muscle axis: implications for sarcopenia prevention and therapy","volume":"16","author":"Fang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Microbiol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2836","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11112836","article-title":"Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum TWK10 on exercise physiological adaptation, performance, and body composition in healthy humans","volume":"11","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14262","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.14262","article-title":"Prebiotics as modulators of colonic calcium and magnesium uptake","volume":"241","author":"Stumpff","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta Physiol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13041321","article-title":"Differential health effects on inflammatory, immunological and stress parameters in professional soccer players and sedentary individuals after consuming a synbiotic. 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