{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T10:09:46Z","timestamp":1788775786130,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788739200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To clarify the impact of maternal nutrition and breastfeeding on infant gut microbiota development.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a cohort of 67 mother-infant dyads, maternal diet and milk composition were analyzed alongside longitudinal infant fecal 16S rRNA profiling at 42 days, 6 months, and 12 months.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The infant gut microbiota underwent marked shifts over the first year, with increases in\n                      <jats:italic>Firmicutes<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Bacteroidota<\/jats:italic>\n                      , decreases in\n                      <jats:italic>Actinobacteriota<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Proteobacteria<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and increasing alpha diversity. Feeding mode was the strongest predictor of infant gut microbiota. Feeding mode, delivery mode, maternal dietary deficiency, complementary feeding timing, and breast-milk density were each associated with distinct microbial taxa, with 14 genus-\/phylum-level associations identified.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Significant phylum-level shifts occurred over the first year, specifically increases in\n                      <jats:italic>Firmicutes<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Bacteroidota<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Feeding mode was the dominant predictor of microbiota composition at 12 months, with additional associations for delivery mode, complementary feeding timing, maternal dietary deficiency, and breast-milk density.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2026.1930295","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T09:33:30Z","timestamp":1788773610000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Breastfeeding factors and gut microbiota dynamics in infants during the first year: a Beijing cohort study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Xinran","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Nutrition, Peking University People's Hospital","place":["Beijing, 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